Table 2

Mechanism of injuries in golf

Type of contactExamples
No identifiable single event Pain in the left shoulder when swinging worsening over 4 weeks
Non-contact trauma
(single event)
Golfer sustains a strain in the intercostal muscles while making a swing
Direct contact with an object Golfer’s hand hits a tree on backswing/downswing
Direct contact with the ground Golfer stumbles and falls, inverting ankle.
Indirect contact with an object Golfer hits a tree root with club and has acute wrist pain
Indirect contact with the ground Golfer takes an intended divot and has acute wrist pain