Associations of incident chronic kidney disease with habitual physical activity in Taiwanese adults
| PA | Model 1* | Model 2* | Model 3* | Model 4* | ||||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Very low-PA | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Low-PA | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.97) | 0.003 | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.98) | 0.005 | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.98) | 0.006 | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.98) | 0.005 |
| Moderate-PA | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 0.014 | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 0.018 | 0.94 (0.90 to 1.00) | 0.032 | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 0.025 |
| High-PA | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.95) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.95) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.96) | 0.001 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.96) | 0.002 |
| Trend test | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.001 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.001 |
Effects are presented as HR for chronic kidney disease with 95% CI.
Participants with very low-PA level comprised the reference group.
*Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, education and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 2: further adjusted for physical labour at work, smoking status, alcohol consumption, vegetable and fruit intake, calendar season and calendar year; Model 3: further adjusted for body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, self-report of a physician diagnosis of cardiovascualr disease and self-report of a physician diagnosis of cancer; Model 4: further adjusted for urinary protein level.
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PA, physical activity.