Table 2

Tennis-specific examples for a mode of onset

MechanismPresentationExample
AcuteSudden onsetThe player twists his ankle while sliding towards the ball and tears the ankle’s lateral ligament(s).
RepetitiveSudden onsetThe player feels a sudden, acute pain at the back of the shoulder after a serve. X-ray of the thoracic spine is negative, but MRI shows a stress fracture of the second rib.
RepetitiveGradual onsetThe player experiences gradually increasing pain below her kneecap. Initially, the player only feels some slight stiffness and pain at the beginning of the play, but eventually, the pain is so severe the player is no longer able to push off or land after the serve. Ultrasound imaging confirms patellar tendinopathy.