Adjusted differences between experimental groups on athlete-reported outcomes for all case analysis and sensitivity analyses
| Outcome | Postintervention (3 months) | Follow-up (5 months) | ||
| Time*Cond | g | Time*Cond | g | |
| All case analysis | ||||
| Doping willingness | −0.16 (−0.30 to −0.03) | 0.17 (0.01) | −0.02 (−0.18 to 0.14) | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Doping moral disengagement | −0.11 (−0.24 to 0.03) | 0.13 (0.01) | 0.05 (−0.10 to 0.20) | 0.07 (0.01) |
| Doping attitudes | −0.10 (−0.23 to 0.03) | 0.12 (0.01) | 0.02 (−0.18 to 0.20) | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Doping efficacy | .03 (−0.34 to 0.39) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.17 (−0.32 to 0.67) | 0.09 (0.01) |
| Behaviours against inadvertent doping | −0.01 (−0.21 to 0.19) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0 (−0.27 to 0.27) | 0 (0.01) |
| Antidoping knowledge | 0.06 (−0.18 to 0.30) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.42 (0.08 to 0.78) | 0.27 (0.01) |
| Perceived coach need support | 0.08 (−0.09 to 0.26) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.10 (−0.13 to 0.33) | 0.12 (0.01) |
| Perceived coach need thwarting | −0.17 (−0.35 to 0.01) | 0.19 (0.01) | 0.11 (−0.12 to 0.33) | 0.12 (0.01) |
| Need satisfaction | 0.13 (−0.01 to 0.28) | 0.14 (0.01) | 0.09 (−0.12 to 0.30) | 0.10 (0.01) |
| Need frustration | −0.24 (−0.41 to −0.06) | 0.23 (0.01) | 0.05 (−0.18 to 0.28) | 0.04 (0.01) |
| Sensitivity analysis | ||||
| Doping willingness | −0.10 (−0.26 to 0.06) | 0.11 (0.01) | −0.03 (−0.19 to 0.14) | 0.03 (0.01) |
| Doping moral disengagement | −0.10 (−0.24 to 0.05) | 0.12 (0.01) | 0.04 (−0.13 to 0.20) | 0.05 (0.01) |
| Doping attitudes | −0.19 (−0.34 to −0.04) | 0.23 (0.01) | 0.07 (−0.14 to 0.28) | 0.09 (0.01) |
| Doping efficacy | −0.02 (−0.48 to 0.42) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.26 (−0.32 to 0.84) | 0.13 (0.01) |
| Behaviours against inadvertent doping | −0.13 (−0.39 to 0.13) | 0.11 (0.01) | 0.09 (−0.20 to 0.40) | 0.07 (0.01) |
| Antidoping knowledge | −0.02 (−0.34 to 0.30) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.49 (0.11 to 0.86) | 0.32 (0.01) |
| Perceived coach need support | 0.12 (−0.10 to 0.34) | 0.14 (0.01) | 0.19 (−0.07 to 0.44) | 0.23 (0.01) |
| Perceived coach need thwarting | −0.32 (−0.54 to −0.09) | 0.35 (0.01) | 0.22 (−0.01 to 0.45) | 0.24 (0.01) |
| Need satisfaction | 0.19 (0.00 to 0.39) | 0.21 (0.01) | 0.07 (−0.17 to 0.30) | 0.07 (0.01) |
| Need frustration | −0.30 (−0.50 to −0.09) | 0.29 (0.01) | 0.08 (−0.17 to 0.33) | 0.07 (0.01) |
Time*Cond=effect of experimental condition on the random slope of the outcome on the time variable from level 1; grey shade=CI excludes zero; g=Hedge’s g (variance in parentheses).
Relative to the total sample average at postintervention, Greek athletes reported lower levels of doping efficacy (MD=−0.46, 95% CI=−0.86, −0.05) and higher levels of inadvertent doping (MD=0.31, 95% CI=0.06, 0.55), whereas British athletes reported higher levels of antidoping knowledge (MD=0.33, 95% CI=0.02, 0.63). All other country effects at other time points were small and inconsistent with a meaningful effect. All country-specific effects are reported in the online supplemental file.
CI, credibility interval; MD, mean difference.