Adjusted differences between experimental groups on coach-reported outcomes for all case analysis and sensitivity analyses
| Outcome | Postintervention (3 months) | Follow-up (5 months) | ||
| Time*Cond | g | Time*Cond | g | |
| All case analysis | ||||
| Doping moral disengagement | −0.07 (−0.33 to 0.20) | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.02 (−0.26 to 0.30) | 0.05 (0.03) |
| Doping attitudes | −0.10 (−0.20 to −0.002) | 0.24 (0.03) | 0.01 (−0.11 to 0.13) | 0.03 (0.03) |
| Efficacy to discuss doping issues | 3.41 (−1.71 to 8.46) | 0.24 (0.03) | −1.18 (−5.64 to 3.20) | 0.10 (0.03) |
| Efficacy to create antidoping culture | 4.46 (0.93 to 8.01) | 0.40 (0.03) | −2.34 (−5.83 to 1.17) | 0.24 (0.03) |
| Encourage athletes to prevent inadvertent doping | 0.73 (−0.08 to 1.53) | 0.34 (0.03) | −0.99 (−1.85 to −0.14) | 0.47 (0.03) |
| Antidoping knowledge | −0.23 (−0.60 to 0.15) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.05 (−0.33 to 0.42) | 0.05 (0.03) |
| Perceived effectiveness of need support | 0.35 (0.06 to 0.64) | 0.45 (0.03) | −0.29 (−0.66 to 0.08) | 0.30 (0.03) |
| Perceived effectiveness of need thwarting | −0.40 (−0.77 to −0.03) | 0.35 (0.03) | 0.47 (0.04 to 0.90) | 0.41 (0.03) |
| Sensitivity analysis | ||||
| Doping moral disengagement | 0.10 (−0.13 to 0.33) | 0.15 (0.03) | −0.18 (−0.55 to 0.19) | 0.50 (0.04) |
| Doping attitudes | −0.01 (−0.20 to 0.15) | 0.02 (0.03) | −0.06 (−0.21 to 0.09) | 0.15 (0.04) |
| Efficacy to discuss doping issues | −4.99 (−11.14 to 1.10) | 0.35 (0.03) | 6.18 (−0.78 to 13.25) | 0.53 (0.04) |
| Efficacy to create antidoping culture | −3.40 (−9.29 to 2.41) | 0.30 (0.03) | 6.48 (0.66 to 12.37) | 0.68 (0.04) |
| Encourage athletes to prevent inadvertent doping | −0.52 (−1.24 to 0.20) | 0.24 (0.03) | 1.17 (0.25 to 2.10) | 0.56 (0.04) |
| Antidoping knowledge | 0.18 (−0.25 to 0.61) | 0.17 (0.03) | −0.29 (−0.89 to 0.31) | 0.32 (0.04) |
| Perceived effectiveness of need support | 0.15 (−0.24 to 0.54) | 0.19 (0.03) | 0.25 (−0.22 to 0.71) | 0.25 (0.04) |
| Perceived effectiveness of need thwarting | −0.20 (−0.61 to 0.20) | 0.17 (0.03) | −0.37 (−0.81 to 0.08) | 0.31 (0.04) |
Time*Cond=effect of experimental condition on the random slope of the outcome on the time variable from level 1; grey shade=CI excludes zero; g=Hedge’s g (variance in parentheses).
Relative to the total sample mean, Greek coaches reported lower levels of antidoping knowledge at postintervention (MD=−0.68, 95% CI=−1.18, −0.18), yet higher levels at follow-up (MD=0.53, 95% CI=0.02, 1.04). Greek coaches also reported higher levels of need thwarting at (MD=0.78, 95% CI=0.19, 1.38) relative to the total sample average. British coaches reported lower levels of antidoping knowledge at follow-up (MD=−0.68, 95% CI=−1.16, −0.21) relative to the total sample average. All other country effects at other time points were small and inconsistent with a meaningful effect. All country-specific effects are reported in the online supplemental file.
CI, credibility interval; MD, mean difference.