ACL serves role in proprioception

High prevalence of proprioceptive impairment following ACL injury^S1

Capacity differs from person to person

High prevalence of ACL injury in young athletes^S2, for whom working memory capacity is still developing^S3

Preference for explicit/implicit learning differs from person to person

People with musculoskeletal conditions strongly prefer to consciously control movements^S4.5

Proprioceptive deficits compromise automatic movement control^S6,7

Individuals with deficits benefit from explicit learning^S8–10

Verbal working memory is key to process explicit movement instructions^S11

Individuals with lower working memory capacity benefit from implicit learning^S11–13

Individuals benefit from learning interventions that match their preference, for example, explicit strategies benefit those who prefer conscious control^S14.15

Consider more frequently using explicit learning interventions in case of proprioceptive deficits

Screen proprioceptive deficits in both the affected and unaffected knee, using Joint-Position Sense tests^S1

Consider more frequently using implicit learning interventions for athletes with poor verbal working memory

Screen for verbal working memory deficits, for example, using Trail-Making Test B^S16 or Automated Operation Span Test^S17

Consider more frequently using motor learning method that aligns with athlete’s preference

Screen preference for conscious control using Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale^S18