Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for various normative cut points of acute Delayed Recall
| Probability of a positive test in those with a concussion | Probability of a negative test in those without concussion | Probability of having a concussion if the test is positive | Probability of not having a concussion if the test is negative | |
| Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | |
| Immediate Memory | ||||
| 20 (Youden) | 62.14% (53.56–70.20) | 63.79% (56.18 - 70.93) | 58.00% (52.17–63.61) | 67.68% (62.23–72.69) |
| 17 (Borderline) | 29.57% (21.26–36.81) | 91% (86.18-95.09) | 73.73% (60.60–82.21) | 61.39% (58.65–64.06) |
| 16 (Low) | 22.14% (15.57–29.92) | 95.40% (91.14-97.99) | 79.49% (64.79–89.08) | 60.36% (58.09–62.59) |
| Delayed Recall | ||||
| 32nd %ile (Youden) | 55.71% (47.08–64.10) | 71.84% (64.53-78.38) | 61.42% (54.62–67.80) | 66.84% (62.09–71.28) |
| 15th %ile (Borderline) | 41.43% (41.43) | 82.18% (75.68-87.56) | 65.17% (56.25–73.13) | 63.56% (59.88–67.08) |
| 5th %ile (Low) | 27.86% (20.62–36.06) | 91.95% (86.87-95.53) | 73.58% (61.20–83.11) | 61.30% (58.62–63.92) |
| mBESS | ||||
| 5 (Youden) | 40.00% (29.81–50.87) | 86.02% (77.28-92.34) | 73.47% (61.17–82.96) | 59.70% (55.12–64.12) |
| 6 (Borderline) | 34.44% (24.74–45.20) | 91.40% (83.75-96.21) | 79.49% (65.32–88.85) | 59.03% (55.06–62.89) |
| 9 (Low) | 6.67% (2.49%–13.95%) | 95.70% (89.35-98.82) | 60.00% (30.45–83.71%) | 51.45% (49.69–53.19) |
| Total symptoms | ||||
| 4 (Youden) | 87.86% (81.27–92.76) | 67.24% (59.73-74.15) | 68.33% (63.36–72.92) | 87.31% (81.33–91.58) |
| 3 (Borderline) | 90.00% (83.79–94.42) | 56.90% (49.19-64.37) | 62.69% (58.40–66.78) | 87.61% (80.89–92.20) |
| 6 (Low) | 72.86% (64.70–80.02) | 76.44% (69.42-82.53) | 71.33% (65.14–76.81) | 77.78% (72.49–82.29) |
| Symptom severity | ||||
| 8 (Youden) | 81.43% (73.98–87.50) | 73.56% (66.36-79.95) | 71.25% (65.64–76.27) | 83.12% (77.48–87.57) |
| 4 (Borderline) | 92.14% (86.38–96.01) | 56.90%(49.19-64.37) | 63.25% (59.02–67.26) | 90.00% (83.42–94.15) |
| 7 (Low) | 82.86 % (75.58–88.70) | 69.54% (62.12-76.28) | 68.64% (63.33–73.50) | 83.45% (77.57–88.03) |
Younden cutpoints derived using Youden’s Index. Borderline and low performance cut-points based on NHL normative data for the 15th and 5th percentile, respectively.
NPV, Negative Predictive Value; PPV, Positive Predictive Value.