Effect of gender affirming hormones on athletic performance among transmen
| Push-ups in 1 min | Mean (95% CI) | Mean difference transmen vs CW (95% CI) | Mean difference transmen vs CM (95% CI) |
| Time on hormones | |||
| Pretreatment | 37.4 (33.2 to 41.5) | 4.8 (0.7 to 9.0) | −16.1 (−20.3 to −12.0) |
| 0–1 years | 44.8 (40.5 to 49.0) | 12.2 (8.1 to 16.4) | −8.7 (−12.9 to −4.6) |
| 1–2 years | 51.8 (46.2 to 57.5) | 19.3 (13.8 to 24.8) | −1.7 (−7.2 to 3.9) |
| 2–2.5 years | 56.1 (49.9 to 62.4) | 25.6 (19.4 to 31.8) | 4.6 (−6.4 to 10.5) |
| β (95% CI) | |||
| Change in push-ups per month on hormones* | 0.46 (0.22 to 0.70) | ||
| Sit-ups in 1 min | Mean (95% CI) | ||
| Time on hormones | |||
| Pretreatment | 50.4 (47.4 to 53.4) | 4.8 (1.8 to 7.7) | −2.0 (−4.9 to 0.9) |
| 0–1 years | 52.8 (49.8 to 55.8) | 7.2 (4.2 to 10.2) | 0.4 (−2.6 to 3.4) |
| 1–2 years | 58.2 (54.0 to 62.3) | 12.5 (8.5 to 16.6) | 5.7 (1.7 to 9.8) |
| 2–2.5 years | 58.3 (53.8 to 62.8) | 12.7 (8.2 to 17.1) | 5.9 (1.4 to 10.3) |
| β (95% CI) | |||
| Change in sit-ups per month on hormones* | 0.32 (0.16 to 0.49) | ||
| 1.5 mile run time (s) | Mean (95% CI) | ||
| Time on hormones | |||
| Pretreatment | 850 (802 to 899) | −4 (−52 to 43) | 131 (83 to 178) |
| 0–1 years | 826 (776 to 876) | −29 (−78 to 20) | 106 (57 to 155) |
| 1–2 years | 751 (687 to 815) | −104 (−167 to −41) | 31 (-32 to 94) |
| 2–2.5 years | 711 (640 to 783) | −144 (−214 to −74) | −9 (−79 to 61) |
| β (95% CI) | |||
| Change in run time per month on hormones* | −3.2 (−5.3 to −1.2) |
All analyses adjusted for variation in the number of measurements per research participant.
CW, average performance on Air Force physical fitness tests by females aged <30 years conducted between 2004 and 2014.22
CM, average performance on Air Force physical fitness tests by males aged <30 years conducted between 2004 and 2014.22
*Adjusted for pretreatment measurements and age when started gender affirming hormones.
.