Table 5

League table reporting the comparative effects for all interventions for the pain intensity network

Balance
0.30 Combined
−2.05 to 2.65
−0.94−1.24 Motor control
−2.78 to 0.90−2.98 to 0.51
0.380.08 1.32 No treatment
−1.33 to 2.10−1.53 to 1.70 0.65 to 1.99
−0.45−0.750.48 −0.84 Prescribed PA
−2.28 to 1.37−2.48 to 0.98−0.39 to 1.36 −1.47 to −0.20
−1.09−1.39−0.15 −1.47 −0.64 Proprioceptive
−3.24 to 1.05−3.45 to 0.68−1.40 to 1.09 −2.76 to −0.18 −2.04 to 0.76
−0.59−0.890.35−0.98−0.140.50 ROM
−2.90 to 1.71−3.12 to 1.34−1.15 to 1.84−2.51 to 0.56−1.77 to 1.49−1.40 to 2.40
−0.82−1.120.12 −1.21 −0.370.27−0.23 Strength
−2.59 to 0.94−2.79 to 0.55−0.51 to 0.74 −1.63 to −0.78)−1.05 to 0.31−0.97 to 1.51−1.73 to 1.27
−1.06−1.36−0.12 −1.44 −0.610.03−0.47−0.24 Strength+motor
−3.03 to 0.91−3.24 to 0.53−1.30 to 1.06 −2.42 to −0.47 −1.77 to 0.56−1.59 to 1.65−2.29 to 1.35−1.30 to 0.83
−1.15−1.45−0.21−1.53−0.69−0.06−0.55−0.32−0.09 Strength+stretch
−3.73 to 1.44−3.96 to 1.07−2.22 to 1.80−3.47 to 0.41−2.71 to 1.32−2.34 to 2.23−2.99 to 1.88−2.25 to 1.60−2.25 to 2.08
−0.85−1.150.09 −1.23 −0.390.24−0.26−0.030.210.30 Stretch
−2.83 to 1.13−3.04 to 0.75−1.04 to 1.22 −2.23 to −0.24 −1.54 to 0.75−1.32 to 1.81−2.03 to 1.52−0.99 to 0.94−1.18 to 1.60−1.36 to 1.96
−0.87−1.170.07 −1.25 −0.420.22−0.28−0.050.190.28−0.02 YPTCQ
−2.69 to 0.95−2.89 to 0.55−0.78 to 0.91 −1.85 to −0.65 −1.13 to 0.30−1.16 to 1.60−1.89 to 1.340.68 to 0.59−0.96 to 1.34−1.73 to 2.28−1.14 to 1.10

  • Mean effect sizes (Hedges’ g) with 95% CIs between separate physical exercise interventions as per the NMA model investigating the effectiveness on pain intensity. Negative values favour the row-defined intervention, whereas positive values favour the column-defined intervention. Bold denotes statistical significance at p<0.05.

  • NMA, network meta-analysis; PA, physical activity; ROM, range of motion; YPTCQ, yoga/Pilates/Tai Chi/Qigong.