Table 1

Summary of previous literature reviews on yoga and mental disorders

Author	Year	Systematic review	Meta-analysis	Population	Assessment of risk of bias	DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria	Reference to PRISMA statement	General result
Balasubramaniam et al 68	2013	Yes	No	Varied psychiatric disorders	Yes	No	Yes	High quality evidence for positive effect on depression and sleep
Broderick et al 69	2015	No	No	Schizophrenia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Evidence too weak
Cramer et al 26	2013	Yes	Yes	Schizophrenia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate evidence for positive short term effect on quality of life
Cramer et al 70	2017	Yes	No	Depression	Yes	Yes	Yes	Comparable effects of yoga compared with exercise and medication
Cramer et al 71	2018	Yes	Yes	PTSD	Yes	No	Yes	Weak recommendation for yoga as an adjunctive treatment
Cramer et al 72	2018	Yes	Yes	Anxiety	Yes	No	Yes	Moderate evidence for medium–large effect compared with no treatment and active comparator control
Cramer et al 28	2013	Yes	Yes	Depression	Yes	Yes	Yes	Limited to moderate evidence for improvements in depression and anxiety
Da Silva et al 73	2009	No	No	Varied psychiatric disorders	No	No	No	Moderate evidence for positive effect on mood disorders
Gallegos et al 74	2017	No	Yes	PTSD	Yes	No	No	Small to moderate effect on PTSD symptoms
Gong et al 60	2015	Yes	Yes	Prenatal depression	No	No	No	Low–moderate quality evidence for reducing depressive symptoms
Kirkwood et al 27	2005	Yes	No	Anxiety	No	No	No	High quality evidence for positive effect on OCD
Pilkington et al 29	2005	No	No	Depression	No	No	No	Evidence too weak
Uebelacker et al 30	2010	No	No	Depression	No	No	No	Evidence too weak
Vancampfort et al 75	2012	Yes	No	Schizophrenia	No	Yes	Yes	Moderate evidence for improved psychopathology, positive and negative symptoms, HRQL

DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; HRQL, health related quality of life; ICD, International Classification of Diseases ; OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder ; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.