Table 5

The HR (95% CI) for symptoms by region and specific symptoms in the ARIALL group (n=78) (univariate model)

SymptomHR (95% CI)*
(ratio of the hazard of RTP for an individual with the symptom compared with the hazard of RTP for an individual without the symptom RTP)
P value †
Nose and throat
 Sore/scratchy throat1.01 (0.59 to 1.71)0.986
 Hoarseness0.68 (0.34 to 1.34)0.262
 Blocked/plugged nose1.23 (0.70 to 2.16)0.476
 Runny nose1.29 (0.76 to 2.20)0.344
 Sinus pressure0.96 (0.57 to 1.65)0.907
 Sneezing1.06 (0.61 to 1.85)0.843
 Altered/loss sense of smell0.49 (0.28 to 0.84) 0.009
 Altered/loss sense of taste0.58 (0.34 to 1.00)0.050
Chest and neck
 Dry cough0.64 (0.37 to 1.10)0.104
 Wet cough1.01 (0.54 to 1.89)0.978
 Difficulty in breathing0.52 (0.30 to 0.91) 0.022
 Fast breathing or shortness of breath0.65 (0.37 to 1.13)0.121
 Chest pain/pressure0.52 (0.29 to 0.95) 0.033
 Chest tightness0.96 (0.54 to 1.68)0.875
 Headache0.44 (0.25 to 0.79) 0.006
 Red/watery/scratchy eyes0.90 (0.49 to 1.65)0.729
Whole body
 Fever0.36 (0.18 to 0.73) 0.004
 Chills0.35 (0.17 to 0.72) 0.004
 Excessive fatigue0.25 (0.13 to 0.47) <0.0001
 General muscle aches and pains0.83 (0.49 to 1.41)0.496
 Skin rash†
 Abdominal pain†
 Nausea0.51 (0.25 to 1.04)0.063
 Vomiting†
 Diarrhoea†
 Loss of appetite0.53 (0.31 to 0.91) 0.022
  • *An HR <1 indicates a lower chance of RTP in the 40-day period after the onset of symptoms for an individual with the symptom compared with an individual without the symptom, that is, prolonged RTP.

  • †Symptoms where the numbers were too small (<15 events) to analyse between groups or produce CIs.

  • ‡Type 3 test.

  • ARI, acute respiratory illness; ARICOV, acute respiratory illness COVID-19 subgroup; ARIOTH, acute respiratory illness Other subgroup; RTP, return to play.