Aetiology of sudden cardiac arrest and death by level of competition (n=209)
| Middle school (n=29) | High school (n=128) | College/semiprofessional/ professional (n=34) | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 6 (20.7) | 26 (20.3) | 9 (26.5) |
| Idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy | 3 (10.3) | 15 (11.7) | 6 (17.6) |
| Coronary artery anomalies | 8 (27.6) | 15 (11.7) | 1 (2.9) |
| Autopsy negative sudden unexplained death | 3 (10.3) | 13 (10.2) | 4 (11.8) |
| Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy | 0 (0) | 7 (5.5) | 3 (8.8) |
| Long QT syndrome | 0 (0) | 8 (6.3) | 1 (2.9) |
| Commotio cordis | 2 (6.9) | 5 (3.9) | 3 (8.8) |
| Wolff-Parkinson-White | 0 (0) | 7 (5.5) | 2 (5.9) |
| Myocarditis | 1 (3.4) | 6 (4.7) | 0 (0) |
| Aortic dissection/rupture | 0 (0) | 6 (4.7) | 1 (2.9) |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 1 (3.4) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (8.8) |
| Valve disorder | 1 (3.4) | 4 (3.1) | 0 (0) |
| Coronary atherosclerosis | 0 (0) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (2.9) |
| Complications of a congenital heart defect | 2 (6.9) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) |
| Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia | 1 (3.4) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) |
| Hypertensive heart disease | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) |
| Left ventricular non-compaction | 0 (0) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) |
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 1 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 0 (0) | 6 (4.7) | 0 (0) |