Demographic, preinjury and injury characteristics of entire cohort
| Demographic/preinjury variable | Total | Male | Female | P value |
| n (%) or median (IQR) | n (%) or median (IQR) | n (%) or median (IQR) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Race—‘Other’ | 110 (10.6%) | 46 (10.6%) | 64 (10.7%) | 0.3 |
| Race—‘Black or African American’ | 116 (11.2%) | 52 (12.0%) | 64 (10.7%) | |
| Race—‘White’ | 808 (78.1%) | 337 (77.5%) | 471 (78.6%) | |
| Ethnicity—‘Hispanic’ | 89 (9.2%) | 40 (9.9%) | 49 (8.7%) | 0.2 |
| Ethnicity—‘Non-Hispanic’ | 881 (90.8%) | 365 (90.1%) | 516 (91.3%) | |
| Medical history | ||||
| ADD/ADHD—‘No’ | 973 (92.5%) | 404 (91.0%) | 569 (93.6%) | 0.1 |
| ADD/ADHD—‘Yes’ | 79 (7.5%) | 40 (9.0%) | 39 (6.4%) | |
| Migraine headaches—‘No’ | 960 (90.9%) | 423 (94.4%) | 537 (88.3%) | 0.001 |
| Migraine headaches—‘Yes’ | 96 (9.1%) | 25 (5.6%) | 71 (11.7%) | |
| Previous concussions—‘0’ | 608 (57.5%) | 271 (60.5%) | 337 (55.3%) | 0.05 |
| Previous concussions—‘1’ | 323 (30.5%) | 137 (30.6%) | 186 (30.5%) | |
| Previous concussions—‘2’ | 88 (8.3%) | 26 (5.8%) | 62 (10.2%) | |
| Previous concussions—‘3’ | 39 (3.7%) | 14 (3.1%) | 25 (4.1%) | |
| Division level | ||||
| ‘Division I’ | 856 (79.93%) | 388 (85.09%) | 468 (76.1%) | |
| ‘Division II’ | 119 (11.11%) | 34 (7.46%) | 85 (13.82%) | |
| ‘Division III’ | 96 (8.96%) | 34 (7.46%) | 62 (10.08%) | |
| Sport—contact | ||||
| ‘Basketball’ | 147 (13.73%) | 73 (16.01%) | 74 (12.03%) | |
| ’Diving’ | 30 (2.8%) | 13 (2.85%) | 17 (2.76%) | |
| ‘Ice Hockey’ | 46 (4.3%) | 35 (7.68%) | 11 (1.79%) | |
| ‘Lacrosse’ | 117 (10.92%) | 65 (14.25%) | 52 (8.46%) | |
| ‘Soccer’ | 277 (25.86%) | 125 (27.41%) | 152 (24.72%) | |
| ‘Water Polo’ | 51 (4.76%) | 18 (3.95%) | 33 (5.37%) | |
| Sport—limited contact | ||||
| ‘Baseball or Softball’ | 100 (9.34%) | 53 (11.62%) | 47 (7.64%) | |
| ‘Cheerleading’ | 47 (4.39%) | 9 (1.97%) | 38 (6.18%) | |
| ‘Cross-Country/Track’ | 41 (3.83%) | 21 (4.61%) | 20 (3.25%) | |
| ‘Field Event’ | 17 (1.59%) | 6 (1.32%) | 11 (1.79%) | |
| ‘Gymnastics’ | 48 (4.48%) | 15 (3.29%) | 33 (5.37%) | |
| ‘Volleyball’ | 95 (8.87%) | 9 (1.97%) | 86 (13.98%) | |
| Sport—non-contact | ||||
| ‘Swimming’ | 38 (3.55%) | 7 (1.54%) | 31 (5.04%) | |
| ‘Tennis’ | 17 (1.59%) | 7 (1.54%) | 10 (1.63%) | |
| Preinjury symptoms | ||||
| Symptom severity baseline | 2 (0, 7) | 1 (0, 4) | 3 (0, 9) | <0.0001 |
| Brief Symptom Inventory-somatisation baseline | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 1) | <0.0001 |
| Injury characteristics | ||||
| Injury setting | ||||
| Competition or practice—‘Competition’ | 386 (36.0%) | 189 (41.5%) | 197 (32.0%) | 0.0019 |
| Competition or practice—‘Practice/Training’ | 685 (64.0%) | 267 (58.6%) | 418 (68.0%) | |
| Contact level of play—‘NCAA athlete, Contact sport’ | 668 (62.4%) | 329 (72.1%) | 339 (55.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Contact level of play—‘NCAA athlete, Limited Contact sport’ | 301 (28.1%) | 104 (22.8%) | 197 (32.0%) | |
| Contact level of play—‘NCAA athlete, Non-Contact sport’ | 102 (9.5%) | 23 (5.0%) | 79 (12.9%) | |
| Site of injury—‘Away’ | 207 (19.9%) | 93 (21.0%) | 114 (19.0%) | 0.6 |
| Site of injury—‘Home’ | 808 (77.5%) | 337 (76.0%) | 471 (78.5%) | |
| Site of injury—‘Neutral Site’ | 28 (2.7%) | 13 (2.9%) | 15 (2.5%) | |
| Mechanism of injury | ||||
| ‘Ball, Puck, or Stick’ | 265 (25.2%) | 86 (19.6%) | 179 (29.3%) | <0.0001 |
| ‘Collision with an Opponent of any Type’ | 248 (23.6%) | 155 (35.2%) | 93 (15.2%) | |
| ‘Collision with Teammate’ | 192 (18.3%) | 86 (19.6%) | 106 (17.4%) | |
| ‘Header with physical contact’ | 58 (5.5%) | 17 (3.9%) | 41 (6.7%) | |
| ‘Header without physical contact’ | 19 (1.8%) | 8 (1.8%) | 11 (1.8%) | |
| ‘Other’ | 269 (25.6%) | 88 (20.0%) | 181 (29.6%) | |
| Injury reporting | ||||
| Was the injury reported immediately—‘No’ | 442 (46.0%) | 174 (43.0%) | 268 (48.1%) | 0.2 |
| Was the injury reported immediately—‘Yes’ | 519 (54.0%) | 230 (56.9%) | 289 (51.9%) | |
| Injury signs and symptoms | ||||
| Loss of consciousness—‘No’ | 1013 (96.4%) | 420 (95.2%) | 593 (97.2%) | 0.1 |
| Loss of consciousness—‘Yes’ | 38 (3.6%) | 21 (4.8%) | 17 (2.8%) | |
| Post-traumatic amnesia—‘No’ | 968 (92.4%) | 395 (89.8%) | 573 (94.2%) | 0.01 |
| Post-traumatic amnesia—‘Yes’ | 80 (7.6%) | 45 (10.2%) | 35 (5.8%) | |
| Daily postinjury symptom evaluation | 66.7 | 66.7 | 70.0 | 0.1 |
| (42.9, 83.33) | (42.9, 80.0) | (42.9, 83.3) | ||
| Brief Symptom Inventory-somatisation postinjury | 1 (0, 3) | 0 (0, 2) | 2 (0, 4) | <0.0001 |
| Symptom severity postinjury | 10 (2, 26) | 7 (1, 20) | 13 (3, 32) | <0.0001 |
ADD/ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; NCAA, National Collegiate Athletic Association.