Table 2

Overview of the 22 sporting events at Tokyo Paralympic Games and the sports/events where athletes are at risk for autonomic dysreflexia (AD) and impaired thermoregulation with a spinal cord injury at or above the level T6

SportsSpinal cord-related disordersAbove or at SCI level T6Environmental heat stressEvent and class
ArcheryModerateW1
AthleticsHighWR track T51–T53
Seated throws F51–F53
BadmintonLowWH1
BocciaLowBC1
CanoeLowKayak KL1
CyclingHighHandcycling H1
EquestrianModerate
Football (5-a-side)Moderate
GoalballLow
JudoLow
PowerliftingLow
RowingModerateAS
ShootingModerateRifle SH2
Sitting volleyballLow
SwimmingLowS1 SB1 and S2 SB1
Table tennisLowClass 1
TaekwondoLow
TriathlonHighPTWC
Wheelchair basketballModerate
Wheelchair fencingLow
Wheelchair rugbyHighTypically, 0.5 and 1.0
Wheelchair tennisHighQuad class
  • Environmental heat stress taken from Griggs et al.6 For further guidance on AD please refer to the work of Blauwet et al.15

  • F, field; SCI, spinal cord injury; T, track; WR, wheelchair racing.