The independent (and mutually adjusted) associations of physical activity and sleep scores with mortality (n=380 055)
| Exposure* | HR for mortality risks (95% CI) | |||||||
| All-cause | Total cardiovascular disease | Total cancer | ||||||
| Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 1† | Model 2 ‡ | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | |
| Sleep pattern | ||||||||
| Poor (n=10 166) |
1.56
(1.44 to 1.70) |
1.23
(1.13 to 1.34) |
1.92
(1.65 to 2.23) |
1.39
(1.19 to 1.62) |
1.35
(1.20 to 1.52) | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) | ||
| Intermediate (n=158 103) |
1.16
(1.13 to 1.20) |
1.05
(1.02 to 1.09) |
1.24
(1.17 to 1.33) |
1.09
(1.03 to 1.17) |
1.12
(1.08 to 1.17) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.08) | ||
| Healthy (n=211 786) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Coronary heart diseases | Haemorrhagic stroke | Ischaemic stroke | Lung cancer | |||||
| Poor (n=10 166) |
1.83
(1.46 to 2.29) | 1.26 (1.00 to 1.59) | 1.23 (0.67 to 2.26) | 1.05 (0.57 to 1.95) |
2.46
(1.64 to 3.70) |
1.94
(1.29 to 2.94) |
1.93
(1.51 to 2.46) | 1.25 (0.98 to 1.60) |
| Intermediate (n=158 103) |
1.34
(1.22 to 1.46) |
1.16
(1.06 to 1.27) | 1.12 (0.90 to 1.38) | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.29) | 1.18 (0.97 to 1.43) | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.29) |
1.29
(1.17 to 1.43) | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) |
| Healthy (n=211 786) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Physical activity | All-cause | Total cardiovascular disease | Total cancer | |||||
| No MVPA (n=59 541) |
1.39
(1.33 to 1.44) |
1.25
(1.20 to 1.31) |
1.52
(1.41 to 1.65) |
1.31
(1.21 to 1.42) |
1.28
(1.21 to 1.35) |
1.16
(1.10 to 1.23) | ||
| Low (n=9298) |
1.1
(1.04 to 1.16) |
1.08
(1.02 to 1.14) |
1.14
(1.02 to 1.26) | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.14) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) | ||
| Medium (n=57 771) |
1.05
(1.01 to 1.10) |
1.05
(1.01 to 1.10) | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.17) | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.16) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) | ||
| High (n=223 445) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Coronary heart diseases | Haemorrhagic stroke | Ischaemic stroke | Lung cancer | |||||
| No MVPA (n=59 541) |
1.61
(1.44 to 1.81) |
1.35
(1.21 to 1.52) |
1.32
(1.01 to 1.73) | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.66) |
1.51
(1.18 to 1.92) |
1.38
(1.07 to 1.77) |
1.68
(1.48 to 1.89) |
1.35
(1.19 to 1.53) |
| Low (n=39 298) | 1.13 (0.97 to 1.32) | 1.08 (0.93 to 1.26) | 0.95 (0.65 to 1.39) | 0.97 (0.67 to 1.43) | 1.16 (0.83 to 1.61) | 1.16 (0.83 to 1.61) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.35) | 1.09 (0.92 to 1.30) |
| Medium (n=57 771) | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.13) | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.13) | 1.02 (0.75 to 1.38) | 1.04 (0.77 to 1.41) |
1.46
(1.14 to 1.88) |
1.47
(1.15 to 1.89) | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.20) | 1.04 (0.89 to 1.21) |
| High (n=223 445) | 1.00 | |||||||
The value in bold denotes significant differences (p < 0.05).
*Physical activity levels were categorised based on public health guidelines: no MVPA (those reported 0 MET-mins/week from MVPA, regardless of total MET-mins/week); low (<600 MET-mins/week); medium (600 to <1200 MET-mins/week); and high (≥1200 MET-mins/week). Sleep scores were categorised into: poor, 0~1; intermediate, 2~3; healthy, 4~5.
†Adjusted for age and sex.
‡Further adjusted for socioeconomic status, employment status, body mass index, cigarette smoking, vegetable and fruit intake, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviour, mental health and mutually adjusted for sleep scores or physical activity levels as appropriate.
BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent task; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.