Outcome (follow-up time point) | Studies included in meta-analysis | Total N | Intervention | Control | Effect size (95% CrI) | 95% prediction interval* | Raw mean difference†/risk difference‡ (95% CrI) | Certainty rating |
Primary outcomes | ||||||||
Self-reported knee function§ (Short-term) | Frobell et al54, Reijman et al53 | 288 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.25, (−0.84 to 0.36) | (−1.25 to 0.76) | −4.21, (−14.27 to 6.07) IKDC (0–100) | Low¶ |
Self-reported knee function§ (Medium-term) | Frobell et al54, Reijman et al53 | 288 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.10, (−0.59 to 0.41) | (−0.91 to 0.72) | −2.65, (−15.94 to 10.89) IKDC (0–100) | Low¶ |
Self-reported knee function§ (Long-term) | Frobell et al55, Tsoukas et al52 | 152 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.21, (−1.49 to 0.81) | (−2.28 to 1.58) | −0.96, (−5.79 to 3.95) IKDC (0–100) | Very low¶** |
Self-reported knee function§ (All time points combined) | Frobell et al54, Reijman et al53, Tsoukas et al52 | 309 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.27 (−0.84 to 0.21) | (−1.29 to 0.66) | −5.07, (−15.70 to 3.99) IKDC (0–100) | Low¶ |
Radiological knee osteoarthritis (Long-term) | Frobell et al55, Tsoukas et al52 | 152 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction* | OR 1.45, (0.30 to 5.17) | (0.18 to 10.0) | −72 per 1000 patients, (144 to −384) | Very low¶**†† |
Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
Health-related quality of life‡‡ (Medium-term) | Frobell et al.54, Reijman et al(53 | 288 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.40, (−0.88 to 0.09) | (−1.18 to 0.40) | −5.91, (−13.05 to 1.32) SF-36 mental health score (0–100) | Low¶ |
Health-related quality of life‡‡ (All time points combined) | Frobell et al54, Reijman et al53 | 288 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.35 (−0.87 to 0.16) | (−1.20 to 0.50) | −5.01, (−12.37 to 2.34) SF-36 mental health score (0–100) | Low¶ |
Self-reported return to activity§§ (Medium-term) | Frobell et al54, Reijman et al53 | 288 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.10, (−0.57 to 0.38) | (−0.87 to 0.68) | −0.31, (−1.80 to 1.19) Tegner Scale (0–10) | Very low¶†† |
Self-reported return to activity§§ (Long-term) | Frobell et al55, Tsoukas et al52 | 152 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.22, (−0.92 to 0.39) | (−1.32 to 0.77) | −0.75, (−2.92 to 1.23) Tegner Scale (0–10) | Very low¶**†† |
Self-reported return to activity§§ (All time points combined) | Frobell et al54, Reijman et al53, Tsoukas et al52 | 309 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | SMD −0.21, (−0.57 to 0.13) | (−0.82 to 0.37) | −0.72, (−1.92, 0.42) Tegner Scale (0–10) | Very low¶†† |
Adverse event – graft rupture | Frobell et al54, Reijman et al53 | 288 | Early reconstruction | Rehabilitation+optional reconstruction | OR 2.3, (0.4 to 12.4) | (0.3 to 20) | −26 per 1000 patients, (12, -186) | Very low¶†† |
Negative standardised mean differences indicate the effect favoured the intervention.
*The prediction interval indicates the heterogeneity in the data and the range of potential values that could be possible in future studies.
†Raw data estimate was done by multiplying the SMD and associated 95% credible interval estimates by the available pooled SD from studies included in the review.
‡Raw data estimate used the median comparator baseline risk of included studies.
§International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC Questionnaire) (Reijman et al. and Tsoukas et al.), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) (Frobell et al)
¶Certainty rated down for inconsistency.
**Certainty rated down for risk of bias.
††Certainty rated down for imprecision, e: certainty rated down for publication.
‡‡SF-36 (mental subscale) (Frobell et al), KOOS subscale Quality of Life (Reijman et al).
§§Tegner Scale (Frobell et al. and Tsoukas et al), Lysholm Scale (Reijman et al).
DR, delayed reconstruction; ER, early reconstruction; NA, not applicable; NO, non-operative.