Odds of lower limb pain for Olympians versus a general population control
| Knee pain | Olympians versus controls | Hip pain | Olympians versus controls | |||||||
| Olympians | Controls | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | Olympians | Controls | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | Crude | Adjusted a, s, b | Adjusted a, s, b, i | n (%) | n (%) | Crude | Adjusted a, s, b | Adjusted a, s, b, i | |
| Pain | 393 (11.7) | 160 (9.22) | 1.31 (1.08 to 1.58) | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.55) | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.45) | 187 (5.57) | 79 (4.55) | 1.24 (0.94 to 1.62) | 1.36 (1.02 to 1.81) | 1.28 (0.96 to 1.71) |
| Age | ||||||||||
| 20–39 | 101 (8.46) | 63 (8.12) | 1.05 (0.75 to 1.45) | 1.06 (0.76 to 1.49) | 1.06 (0.75 to 1.50) | 63 (5.28) | 30 (3.87) | 1.39 (0.89 to 2.16) | 1.50 (0.95 to 2.36) | 1.36 (0.85 to 2.16) |
| 40–59 | 185 (13.61) | 66 (10.22) | 1.38 (1.03 to 1.87) | 1.45 (1.06 to 1.97) | 1.29 (0.93 to 1.78) | 80 (5.89) | 32 (4.95) | 1.20 (0.79 to 1.83) | 1.47 (0.94 to 2.29) | 1.39 (0.88 to 2.20) |
| >60 | 85 (14.66) | 25 (11.79) | 1.28 (0.80 to 2.07) | 1.37 (0.82 to 2.30) | 1.25 (0.73 to 2.15) | 37 (6.38) | 15 (7.08) | 0.89 (0.48 to 1.67) | 0.97 (0.49 to 1.91) | 1.02 (0.51 to 2.04) |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 208 (11.30) | 72 (9.96) | 1.15 (0.77 to 1.36) | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.47) | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.51) | 84 (4.57) | 26 (3.6) | 1.28 (0.82 to 2.01) | 1.30 (0.80 to 2.10) | 1.35 (0.83 to 2.21) |
| Female | 184 (12.37) | 88 (8.82) | 1.46 (1.27 to 2.15) | 1.45 (1.10 to 1.93) | 1.27 (0.94 to 1.71) | 102 (6.85) | 52 (5.21) | 1.34 (0.95 to 1.89) | 1.40 (0.98 to 2.00) | 1.27 (0.88 to 1.83) |
| BMI | ||||||||||
| Normal | 163 (9.19) | 70 (7.14) | 1.31 (0.98 to 1.76) | 1.29 (0.96 to 1.74) | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.67) | 94 (5.3) | 36 (3.67) | 1.47 (0.99 to 2.17) | 1.47 (0.98 to 2.19) | 1.37 (0.91 to 2.06) |
| Overweight | 142 (13.36) | 56 (12.25) | 1.10 (0.79 to 1.54) | 1.13 (0.80 to 1.59) | 1.04 (0.72 to 1.51) | 65 (6.11) | 24 (5.25) | 1.18 (0.73 to 1.90) | 1.25 (0.76 to 2.07) | 1.15 (0.70 to 1.91) |
| Obese | 66 (19.30) | 26 (13.68) | 1.51 (0.92 to 2.47) | 1.27 (0.75 to 2.15) | 1.15 (0.66 to 1.99) | 19 (5.56) | 11 (5.79) | 0.96 (0.45 to 2.06) | 1.36 (0.60 to 3.06) | 1.46 (0.64 to 3.35) |
| Injury | 236 (31.72) | 84 (24.42) | 1.44 (1.08 to 1.92) | 1.34 (0.98 to 1.83) | 42 (30.88) | 12 (19.67) | 1.82 (0.88 to 3.78) | 1.63 (0.77 to 3.49) | ||
| Recurrent injury | 141 (41.11) | 38 (31.4) | 1.52 (0.98 to 2.37) | 1.41 (0.89 to 2.24) | 27 (37.5) | 4 (20) | – | – | ||
Values are presented as count (n) and prevalence (%), with comparisons made between Olympians and controls. Controls are the reference value (1.00). OR adjusted a, s, b=ORs adjusted for covariates age, sex and BMI. OR adjusted a, s, b, I=ORs are adjusted for age, sex, BMI and injury. Bold denotes statistical significance. –Analysis not performed due to small number of events (<5). Comparison between Olympians and controls for the ankle presented in online supplemental appendix 8 due to the small number of events in control data.
BMI, body mass index.