Factors associated with lower limb OA in Olympians
| Knee OA | Hip OA | Ankle OA | ||||
| Prevalence | aOR (95% CI) | Prevalence | aOR (95% CI) | Prevalence | aOR (95% CI) | |
| n (%) | Adjusted a, s, b, i | n (%) | Adjusted a, s, b, i | n (%) | Adjusted a, s, b, i | |
| Age | ||||||
| 20–39 | 40/1194 (3.35) | 1.00 (reference) | 19/1194 (1.59) | 1.00 (reference) | 11/1194 (0.92) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 40–59 | 114/1359 (8.39) | 2.44 (1.66 to 3.60) | 42/1359 (3.09) | 2.41 (1.35 to 4.32) | 16/1359 (1.18) | 1.32 (0.60 to 2.91) |
| >60 | 78/580 (13.45) | 5.67 (3.66 to 8.79) | 42/580 (7.24) | 6.75 (3.64 to 12.53) | 9/580 (1.55) | 2.18 (0.86 to 5.50) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 113/1840 (6.14) | 1.00 (reference) | 62/1840 (3.37) | 1.00 (reference) | 19/1840 (1.03) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Female | 133/1488 (8.94) | 1.88 (1.37 to 2.58) | 49/1488 (3.29) | 0.78 (0.50 to 1.24) | 18/1488 (1.21) | 1.34 (0.66 to 2.72) |
| BMI | ||||||
| Normal | 112/1774 (6.31) | 1.00 (reference) | 51/1774 (2.87) | 1.00 (reference) | 16/1774 (0.90) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Overweight | 84/1063 (7.90) | 1.23 (0.87 to 1.73) | 41/1063 (3.86) | 1.33 (0.83 to 2.13) | 15/1063 (1.41) | 1.99 (0.91 to 4.34) |
| Obese | 36/342 (10.53) | 1.67 (1.05 to 2.63) | 14/342 (4.09) | 1.34 (0.69 to 2.60) | 4/342 (1.17) | – |
| Injury | ||||||
| No | 83/2613 (3.18) | 1.00 (reference) | 86/3221 (2.67) | 1.00 (reference) | 20/3070 (0.65) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 164/744 (22.04) | 9.40 (6.90 to 12.79) | 26/136 (19.12) | 14.30 (8.25 to 24.79) | 17/287 (5.92) | 9.90 (5.05 to 19.41) |
| Recurrent injury | 80/236 (33.90) | 2.40 (1.63 to 3.53) | 19/72 (26.39) | 1.14 (0.44 to 2.95) | 12/119 (10.08) | 2.24 (0.80 to 6.26) |
| Finger nodes | 35/198 (17.68) | 1.83 (1.13 to 2.95) | 9/198 (4.55) | 1.02 (0.43 to 2.42) | 3/198 (1.51) | – |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| None | 120/2379 (5.04) | 1.00 (reference) | 43/2379 (1.81) | 1.00 (reference) | 15/2379 (0.63) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 | 75/696 (10.78) | 1.79 (1.27 to 2.51) | 39/696 (5.60) | 2.87 (1.75 to 4.70) | 15/696 (2.16) | 2.93 (1.40 to 6.17) |
| 2 or more | 52/282 (18.44) | 2.71 (1.75 to 4.19) | 30/282 (10.64) | 5.18 (2.96 to 9.09) | 7/282 (2.48) | 2.71 (0.97 to 7.52) |
| Knee alignment | ||||||
| Normal | 184/2345 (7.85) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
| Valgus | 24/131 (18.32) | 2.65 (1.51 to 4.64) | ||||
| Varus | 31/273 (11.36) | 1.30 (0.82 to 2.08) |
*Values are presented as count (n) and prevalence (%). aOR adjusted a, s, b, I=OR ratio adjusted for covariates age, sex, BMI and injury. Bold denotes statistical significance. –Analysis not performed due to small number of events (<5).
aOR, adjusted OR; BMI, body mass index; OA, osteoarthritis.