Factors associated with lower limb pain in Olympians
| Knee pain | Hip pain | Ankle pain | ||||
| Prevalence | aOR (95% CI) | Prevalence | aOR (95% CI) | Prevalence | aOR (95% CI) | |
| n (%) | Adjusted a, s, b, i | n (%) | Adjusted a, s, b, i | n (%) | Adjusted a, s, b, i | |
| Age | ||||||
| 20–39 | 101/1194 (8.46) | 1.00 (reference) | 63/1194 (5.28) | 1.00 (reference) | 41/1194 (3.43) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 40–59 | 185/1359 (13.61) | 1.52 (1.15 to 2.00) | 80/1359 (5.89) | 1.36 (0.04 to 1.96) | 45/1359 (3.31) | 0.90 (0.57 to 1.41) |
| >60 | 85/580 (14.66) | 1.99 (1.41 to 2.80) | 37/580 (6.38) | 1.78 (1.13 to 2.82) | 14/580 (2.41) | 0.72 (0.38 to 1.39) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 208/1840 (11.30) | 1.00 (reference) | 84/1840 (4.57) | 1.00 (reference) | 57/1840 (3.10) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Female | 184/1488 (12.37) | 1.18 (0.92 to 1.51) | 102/1488 (6.85) | 1.65 (1.18 to 2.31) | 47/1488 (3.16) | 0.88 (0.57 to 1.36) |
| BMI | ||||||
| Normal | 163/1774 (9.19) | 1.00 (reference) | 94/1774 (5.3) | 1.00 (reference) | 50/1774 (2.82) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Overweight | 142/1063 (13.36) | 1.48 (1.12 to 1.95) | 65/1063 (6.11) | 1.34 (0.93 to 1.93) | 36/1063 (3.39) | 1.28 (0.79 to 2.06) |
| Obese | 66/342 (19.30) | 2.34 (1.63 to 3.37) | 19/342 (5.56) | 1.26 (0.74 to 2.16) | 11/342 (3.22) | 1.14 (0.55 to 2.34) |
| Injury | ||||||
| No | 157/2613 (6.01) | 1.00 (reference) | 145/3221 (4.50) | 1.00 (reference) | 69/3070 (2.25) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 236/744 (31.72) | 7.32 (5.77 to 9.28) | 42/136 (30.88) | 9.76 (6.39 to 14.93) | 35/287 (12.20) | 5.99 (3.84 to 9.34) |
| Recurrent injury | 141/343 (41.11) | 2.33 (1.67 to 3.26) | 27/72 (37.5) | 1.98 (0.90 to 4.38) | 25/119 (21.01) | 3.88 (1.75 to 8.61) |
| Finger nodes | 43/198 (21.71) | 1.38 (0.91 to 2.11) | 20/198 (10.10) | 2.30 (1.37 to 3.84) | 12/198 (6.06) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| None | 227/2379 (9.54) | 1.00 (reference) | 109/2379 (4.58) | 1.00 (reference) | 63/2379 (2.65) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 | 105/696 (15.09) | 1.35 (1.02 to 1.79) | 55/696 (7.9) | 1.49 (1.03 to 2.15) | 32/696 (4.60) | 1.71 (1.07 to 2.74) |
| 2 or more | 61/282 (21.63) | 1.97 (1.35 to 2.87) | 23/282 (8.16) | 1.71 (1.02 to 2.88) | 9/282 (3.19) | 1.28 (0.58 to 2.81) |
| Knee alignment | ||||||
| Normal | 305/2345 (13.00) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
| Valgus | 27/131 (20.61) | 1.54 (0.02 to 2.55) | ||||
| Varus | 54/273 (19.78) | 1.40 (0.96 to 2.03) |
Values are presented as count (n) and prevalence (%). aOR adjusted a, s, b, I=OR adjusted for covariates age, sex, BMI and injury. Bold denotes statistical significance.
aOR, adjusted OR; BMI, body mass index.