Table 1

Characteristics of included studies

First author (year of publication)CountryStudy designScreening componentsSampleMale (%)Age (years)Risk of bias score
Asif (2014)9 USANon-randomised controlled trialHistory, physical, ECGHigh school athletes
(n=952)		5015.58*
Asif (2015)5 USACross-sectionalHistory, physical, ECGHigh school athletes
(n=1516)		5915.67–8
Asif (2015)11 USAQualitativeNot specifiedHigh school and collegiate athletes diagnosed with cardiac condition (n=25)5217.7*8†
Asif (2017)29 USACross-sectionalHistory, physical, ECGCollegiate athletes (n=1192)5519.0*8
Morrison (2020)30 CanadaCross-sectionalHistory, physical, ECGMasters athletes (≥35 years) diagnosed with CVD
(n=67)		9060.17
Schurink (2017)31 NetherlandsCross-sectionalHistory, physical, ECG, cardiac CTMasters athletes (≥45 years)
(n=275)		10054.57–8
Solberg (2012)39 NorwayCross-sectionalHistory, physical, ECG, echocardiographyProfessional athletes
(n=441)		10026.06
Tischer (2016)40 DenmarkCross-sectionalHistory, physical, ECG, echocardiographyProfessional athletes
(n=516)		5921.66–8

  • Age (years) is reported as mean or *median.

  • *Evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies (Non-Randomized Experimental Studies).

  • †Evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Qualitative Research.

  • CVD, cardiovascular disease.