Relevance to paediatric athletes
| Ghorayeb et al,20 2019 | Preparticipation physical evaluation fifth edition,29 2019 | Johri et al, 2019 | Drezner et al, 11 2017 | Fritsch et al, 19 2017 | Mont et al, 25 2017 | Hainline et al, 21 2016 | Conley et al, 18 2014 | Maron et al, 24 2014 | Mahmood et al, 23 2013 | Ljungqvist et al,26
2009 | Corrado et al, 2 2005 | American medical Association report, 1994 | |
| Overall relevance to paediatric population | Moderate | High | Low | High | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | High | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Targeted at paediatric athletes | Included in remit | Included in remit | Not stated | Included in a broader age range | Included in a broader age range | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Included in a broader age range | Included in remit | Not stated | Included in a broader age range | Included in remit |
| Total references | 324 | 223 | 68 | 118 | 26 | 180 | 76 | 138 | 275 | 23 | 122 | 36 | 37 |
| Citations of original research including only adult athletes (n, % from total) | 7 (2) | 3 (1) | 6 (9) | 9 (8) | 2 (8) | 24 (13) | 4 (5) | 4 (3) | 16 (6) | 2 (9) | 2 (2) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Citations of original research including any paediatric athlete (n, % from total)* | 37 (11) | 51 (23) | 27 (40) | 62 (53) | 5 (19) | 47 (26) | 22 (29) | 33 (24) | 80 (29) | 11 (48) | 12 (10) | 16 (44) | 7 (19) |
| Number of citations evaluating SCD | 15 | 23 | 15 | 34 | 4 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 35 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 0 |
| No of citations evaluating screening | 23 | 30 | 14 | 31 | 2 | 28 | 13 | 24 | 52 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 7 |
| Reference study type | |||||||||||||
| Retrospective studies (n, % from*) | 28 (76) | 39 (76) | 16 (59) | 45 (73) | 2 (40) | 32 (68) | 14 (64) | 24 (73) | 62 (78) | 8 (73) | 6 (50) | 14 (88) | 5 (71) |
| SCD | 8 | 16 | 9 | 25 | 2 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 24 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 0 |
| Case series | 5 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 |
| Cross sectional | 2 | 9 | 2 | 14 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Cohort | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Case–control | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Screening | 20 | 24 | 7 | 21 | 0 | 19 | 9 | 16 | 41 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cross sectional | 5 | 19 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 9 | 4 | 14 | 29 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| Cohort | 11 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Case-control | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Prospective observational (n, % from*) | 7 (19) | 10 (20) | 7 (26) | 13 (21) | 2 (40) | 8 (17) | 7 (32) | 5 (15) | 13 (16) | 2 (18) | 4 (33) | 2 (13) | 1 (14) |
| SCD | 5 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Screening | 2 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Systematic reviews/meta-analyses/interventional (n, % from*) | 2 (5) | 1 (2) | 4 (15) | 4 (6) | 1 (20) | 3 (6) | 1 (5) | 2 (6) | 1 (1) | 1 (9) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| SCD | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Screening | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Economical simulation (n, % from*) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (9) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (14) |
| Population included by age† | |||||||||||||
| Paediatric only (n, % from *) | 2 (5) | 17 (33) | 3 (11) | 19 (31) | 0 (0) | 11 (23) | 5 (23) | 11 (33) | 26 (33) | 3 (27) | 2 (17) | 3 (19) | 7 (100) |
| SCD (n) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Screening (n; (Classification)) | 1 | 15 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| Combined ages (n, % from *) | 35 (95) | 34 (67) | 24 (89) | 43 (69) | 5 (100) | 36 (77) | 17 (77) | 22 (67) | 54 (68) | 8 (73) | 10 (83) | 13 (81) | 0 (0) |
| SCD | 14 | 20 | 13 | 24 | 4 | 19 | 7 | 10 | 27 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 0 |
| Screening | 22 | 15 | 13 | 21 | 2 | 19 | 10 | 14 | 31 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 0 |
| Mentions of paediatric related terms | 12 | 183 | 3 | 19 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 19 | 98 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 74 |
| Child | 4 | 30 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Adolescent | 4 | 66 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 51 |
| Paediatric | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Boy/girl | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| School/high school | 3 | 83 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 41 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 11 |
*Citations of original related research including any paediatric athlete.
†Adult only studies shown in figure 3B only, for comparison to paediatric and overlap paediatric adult figures.
SCD, sudden cardiac death.