Number (per cent) of athletes with sufficient MS health literacy (LiMP score ≥6; total score and subtheme scores) displayed by age group and socioeconomic standing (Human Development Index (HDI) category (n=780))
| LiMP score according to socioeconomic standing (HDI) | Youth athletes, n (%) | Adult athletes, n (%) | All athletes, n (%) | P value | φ |
| Total score | |||||
| Low | 2 (4) | 3 (10) | 5 (7) | 0.369* | |
| Medium-high | 33 (15) | 33 (30) | 66 (20) | 0.001 | 0.18 |
| Very high | 17 (19) | 105 (50) | 122 (41) | <0.001 | 0.29 |
| All categories | 55 (13) | 147 (41) | 202 (26) | <0.001 | 0.31 |
| Anatomy/terminology | |||||
| Low | 25 (54) | 17 (59) | 42 (56) | 0.901 | |
| Medium-high | 128 (56) | 78 (72) | 206 (61) | 0.011 | 0.14 |
| Very high | 42 (46) | 179 (86) | 221 (74) | <0.001 | 0.41 |
| All categories | 226 (54) | 288 (80) | 514 (66) | <0.001 | 0.27 |
| Musculoskeletal conditions | |||||
| Low | 6 (13) | 6 (21) | 12 (16) | 0.519* | |
| Medium-high | 71 (31) | 48 (44) | 119 (35) | 0.030 | 0.12 |
| Very high | 21 (23) | 114 (55) | 135 (45) | <0.001 | 0.29 |
| All categories | 106 (25) | 178 (49) | 284 (36) | <0.001 | 0.24 |
| Diagnosis/treatment | |||||
| Low | 6 (13) | 6 (21) | 12 (16) | 0.519* | |
| Medium-high | 45 (20) | 33 (30) | 78 (23) | 0.047 | 0.11 |
| Very high | 28 (31) | 99 (48) | 127 (42) | 0.010 | 0.15 |
| All HDI categories | 84 (20) | 144 (40) | 228 (29) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
Differences between youth and adult athletes are shown (p value for χ2 test with φ as the effect size measure). HDI category: low, <0.55; medium-high, 0.55–0.79; very high, ≥0.80.
*Fisher’s exact test.
LiMP, Literacy in Musculoskeletal Problems; MS, musculoskeletal.