Table 2

CRF at conscription and incidence of cancer (n=1 078 000)

Cancer site	No of cases	Cardiorespiratory fitness (ref=low)
		Moderate	High	P value for linear trend^*
		HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	P value for linear trend^*
Any cancer site	64 609	1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)	1.06 (1.04 to 1.08)	<0.001
Malignant skin	23 064	1.13 (1.09 to 1.17)	1.31 (1.27 to 1.36)	<0.001
Bronchi and lung	1635	0.81 (0.72 to 0.91)	0.58 (0.51 to 0.66)	<0.001
Head and neck	2738	0.87 (0.79 to 0.95)	0.81 (0.74 to 0.90)	<0.001
CNS	2014	0.93 (0.84 to 1.04)	1.00 (0.89 to 1.12)	0.91
Thyroid gland	685	1.01 (0.84 to 1.21)	1.01 (0.83 to 1.24)	0.89
Gastrointestinal cancers
Oesophagus	689	0.75 (0.63 to 0.89)	0.61 (0.50 to 0.74)	<0.001
Stomach	902	0.87 (0.74 to 1.02)	0.79 (0.67 to 0.94)	<0.001
Pancreas	1280	0.92 (0.80 to 1.05)	0.88 (0.76 to 1.01)	<0.001
Liver, bile ducts and gallbladder	1111	0.83 (0.72 to 0.95)	0.60 (0.51 to 0.71)	<0.001
Colon	3222	0.94 (0.87 to 1.02)	0.82 (0.75 to 0.90)	<0.001
Rectum	2337	1.01 (0.92 to 1.12)	0.95 (0.85 to 1.05)	0.03
Urological cancers
Prostate	14 232	1.04 (1.00 to 1.09)	1.07 (1.03 to 1.12)	<0.001
Kidney	1753	0.92 (0.82 to 1.03)	0.80 (0.70 to 0.90)	<0.001
Bladder	2259	0.93 (0.84 to 1.03)	0.90 (0.81 to 1.00)	0.02
Haematological cancers
Leukaemia	1991	1.04 (0.94 to 1.17)	1.14 (1.01 to 1.28)	0.20
Myeloma	915	1.15 (0.98 to 1.35)	1.21 (1.03 to 1.44)	0.02
Hodgkin’s lymphoma	843	0.94 (0.80 to 1.11)	1.01 (0.84 to 1.21)	0.61
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	2559	1.06 (0.96 to 1.16)	1.10 (0.99 to 1.21)	0.06

Adjusted for year, site, age (categorical CRF for BMI categories, linear trend for continuous BMI) and parental education at conscription.
*Linear trends tested using 9-level CRF.
BMI, body mass index; CNS, central nervous system; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness.