Table 3

Mean±SD*, median (IQR) or n (%) of groups at baseline and 6-month and 12-month follow-up

Outcome measuresGroups
Month 0Month 3Month 6Month 12
Intervention (n=290)Control (n=315)Intervention (n=269)Control (n=287)Intervention (n=269)Control (n=272)Intervention (n=257)Control (n=252)
CPM from accelerometer† 267±126* 271±126‡ Not assessed Not assessed 271±146§ 254±125¶ 262±153** 265±168††
Daily steps (number)†6495±2976*6306±2885‡Not assessedNot assessed6621±31045847±2732¶6445±3376**5952±2844††
IPEQ (hours/week)
 Incidental activity27.38±18.0524.86±16.4426.64±17.4326.13±15.9126.01±18.1125.07±17.1325.98±18.2223.58±15.82
 Walking activity3.10 (1.13–6)2.63 (1.13–5.1)3.75 (1.88–6.93)3.19 (1.13–5.25)3.38 (1.69–6.75)2.63 (0.88–5.06)3.75 (1.69–6.75)2.44 (1.13–4.88)
 Planned activity4.93 (1.75–8.75)4.63 (1.75–8.13)6.38 (3.38–10.25)4.82 (2.63–8.38)6 (2.69–9.63)5.19 (2.63–8.38)6.63 (3.38–10.25)5.25 (3.00–8.38)
 Planned walking activities1.5 (0–3.38)1.5 (0–3.38)1.69 (0.75–3.38)1.5 (0.38–3.38)1.69 (0.75–3.38)1.5 (0–3.38)1.69 (0.75–3.38)1.5 (0.25–3.38)
 Planned sport activities2.90±3.532.64±2.603.54±3.763.00±3.213.53±3.193.05±2.874.82±3.884.24±3.35
 Total score32.04±18.6929.10±17.1932.94±18.5431.16±17.0831.73±18.8229.70±18.2033.88±18.8029.90±16.80
Device-measured sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)
 Sedentary (min/week)†514.29±119.14*505.6±124.21‡Not assessedNot assessed519.46±138.89§504.57±144.96¶532.54±147.62**504.41±157.90††
 Light intensity (min/week)†262.55±90.30*263.01±87.15‡Not assessedNot assessed255.14± 81.5§244.17±84.49¶255.34±78.95**248.92±88.97††
 MVPA (min/week)†109 (39−218)*116 (38–220)‡Not assessedNot assessed120 (50−205)§93 (32–202)¶96 (34–209)**93 (28−191)††
Meet recommendation of 150 min/week of MVPA, n (%)†113 (39)125 (41)Not assessedNot assessed110 (42)90 (35)87 (35)84 (35)
COMPAS-W (raw score 26–130)98.74±11.3398.64±10.14100.11±10.3599.10±10.32100.41±10.3298.95±10.4993.21±7.8292.16±8.54
EQ-5D-5L quality of life‡‡
Health utility score (−0.68 to 1)0.83±0.170.83±0.150.85±0.170.82±0.170.84±0.180.81±0.180.84±0.170.84±0.17
 VAS score (0–100)82.93±13.1481.82±13.1784.54±12.9482.92±13.9283.98±13.9082.32±14.2484.20±14.5281.65±15.31
WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (raw score 12–60)‡‡16.47±4.7616.83±4.6415.73±4.0516.16±4.7815.99±4.7016.64±5.1115.58±4.1716.29±4.83
Australian Dietary Guidelines
 Number of vegetable serves2.68 (1.97)2.77 (1.40)2.71 (1.39)3.15 (1.38)2.82 (1.40)3.10 (1.40)2.78 (1.46)3.04 (1.37)
 Number of fruit serves1.79 (1.05)1.91 (1.13)1.90 (0.99)2.08 (1.17)1.93 (1.03)2.16 (1.31)1.99 (1.10)2.05 (1.02)
BMI27.42±5.0727.76±6.03Not assessedNot assessed27.85±14.0127.07±4.9627.15±5.0826.93±5.13
Falls Efficacy Scale (7−28)‡‡9 (7−10)8 (7−10)8 (7−9)8 (7−10)8 (7−9)8 (7−10)8 (7−9)8 (7−10)
PANAS Scale, (10−50)
 Positive Affect score36.04±7.5235.42±7.2935.40±8.0835.34±7.7636.25±7.3935.12±8.0736.53±7.6035.35±7.83
 Negative Affect score11 (10–15)12 (10–14)11 (10–15)11 (10–14)12 (10–14)11 (10–14)11 (10–14)11 (10–14)
Modified Gait Efficacy Scale (10−100)93 (83–98)92 (81–98)94 (84–98)94 (83–98)95 (86–99)94 (81–98)95 (85–99)94 (82–98)
Risk-taking behaviour (5−20)§§11.78±2.3111.79±2.2711.67±2.2611.49±2.2411.68±2.3611.53±2.3711.40±2.5211.62±2.34
  • Bold row=co-primary outcome.

  • *n=287.

  • †Accelerometer-based measures.

  • ‡n=306.

  • §n=260.

  • ¶n=254.

  • **n=246.

  • ††n=242.

  • ‡‡Lower scores indicate better performance.

  • §§Higher scores indicate lower levels of concerning about falls.

  • BMI, body mass index; COMPAS-W, Composite Scale of Wellbeing; CPM, counts per minute; IPEQ, Incidental and Planned Exercise Questionnaire; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Positive Affect subscale score); VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.