Study characteristics for clinical populations with diagnosed chronic disease at baseline and mortality outcomes
| First author, year | Population description | Exposure description(s) | Range of follow-up* | Outcome(s) | Number of studies included in meta-analysis) | Sample size included in meta-analysis | AMSTAR2 rating† |
| Barbagelata, 202241 | Patients with pulmonary hypertension | High versus low | 1.6–6.2 years | Mortality or heart/lung transplantation | 9 | 986 | Critically low quality |
| Cantone, 202361 | Patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy | Per 1-MET increase | 1.7–3.2 years | All-cause mortality | 3 | 233 | Moderate quality |
| Ezzatvar, 202142 | Patients with CVD | High versus low | 1.0–14.0 years | All-cause mortality | 11 | 22 274 | Critically low quality |
| CVD mortality | 4 | 5821 | |||||
| Ezzatvar, 202162 | Patients with cancer | High versus low | 1–10 years | All-cause mortality | 9 | 4343 | Low quality |
| Fuentes-Abolafio, 202063 | Patients with heart failure | High versus low | 1 month to 20 years | All-cause mortality | 5 | 5170 | High quality |
| Heart failure mortality | 4 | 982 | |||||
| Lachman, 201864 | Patients with coronary artery disease | Delayed HRR versus not delayed HRR | 2.0–9.8 years | All-cause mortality and hospitalisation | 3 | 2146 | Critically low quality |
| Morris, 201465 | Patients with peripheral artery disease | High versus low | 3.7–11.3 years | 5-year all-cause mortality | 3 | 2793 | Critically low quality |
| 5-year CVD mortality | 3 | 2793 | |||||
| Rocha, 202266 | Patients with interstitial lung disease | High versus low | 23 days to 15.5 years | All-cause mortality | 3 | 1908 | Critically low quality |
| Yang, 202367 | Patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease | High versus low | 3.3 months to 12 years | All-cause mortality | 2 | 415 | Critically low quality |
*Data presented are for all the papers included in the systematic reviews and may include exposures other than CRF.
†Details on the AMSTAR2 quality assessment are available from Shea et al.31
AMSTAR2, A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HRR, heart rate recovery.