Summary characteristics of 17 ICA trials at inclusion
| First author, year | N | Age | Cognitive impairment | Mobility | Trial length (weeks) | Dose (hours) | Exercise ProFANE category | Tailored | Exercise intensity | Delivery mode | Exercise leader |
| Trials that reduced falls* | |||||||||||
| Arrieta, 2019 | 112 | 84.9 | Mild | 1 | 26 | 52 | BGF/strength | Yes | Mod | Group | EP |
| Dhargrave, 2020 | 162 | 74.6 | Mild | 1 | 12 | 42 | BGF/strength | Yes | Mod | Individual | PT |
| Fu, 2015 | 60 | 82.3 | NR | 2 | 6 | 18 | Balance | Yes | Low | NR | PT |
| Hewitt, 2018 | 221 | 86.0 | Mild to moderate | 4 | 52 | 76 | BGF/strength | Yes | Mod | Group | PT |
| Irez, 2011 | 60 | 75.4 | NR | NR | 12 | 36 | BGF/strength | Yes | Mod | Group | TNP |
| Jahanpeyma 2020 | 71 | 75.2 | Nil | 1 | 12 | 27 | BGF/strength | Yes | Mod | Group | TNP |
| Kovacs, 2013 | 86 | 77.8 | Mild to moderate | 1 | 52 | 104 | BGF/strength | Yes | Mod | Group | PT |
| Yokoi, 2015 | 105 | 79.3 | Nil | 1 | 26 | 22 | General physical activity | No | Low | Individual | TNP |
| Trial interventions that had no effect on falls* | |||||||||||
| Buckinx, 2014 | 62 | 83.2 | Mild to moderate | 3 | 26 | 1.5 | BGF/strength | No | Low | Individual | PT |
| Faber, 2006 | 168 | 84.4 | Mild to moderate | 1 | 20 | 36 | 1.BGF/ strength 2.Tai Chi | Yes | 1.Mod 2.Low | Group | TNP |
| Kerse, 2008 | 682 | 84.3 | Mild | 1 | 26 | 91 | BGF | Yes | Low | Individual | TNP |
| Nowalk, 2001 | 110 | 84.0 | NR | 1 | 104 | NR | 1.End/strength 2.Tai Chi | No | 1.Low 2.Low | 1.NR 2.Group | 1.EP 2.TNP |
| Rosendahl, 2008 | 191 | 84.7 | Mild to moderate | 4 | 12 | 22 | BGF/strength | Yes | High | Group | PT |
| Sakamoto, 2006 | 533 | 81.6 | Mild to moderate | 3 | 26 | 18 | BGF | No | Low | Individual | PT |
| Toots, 2019 | 186 | 85.1 | Mild to moderate | 3 | 16 | 30 | BGF/strength | Yes | High | Group | PT |
| Trial interventions that increased falls* | |||||||||||
| Mulrow, 1994 | 194 | 80.6 | Mild to moderate | 2 | 16 | 24 | BGF/strength | Yes | Low | Individual | PT |
| Sitja Rabert, 2015 | 159 | 82.0 | Nil | 4 | 6 | 9 | BGF/strength and WBV | No | Low | Group | NR |
1 = walk without staff assistance, 2 = walk with staff assistance, 3 = stand without staff assistance, 4 = stand with staff assistance.
*We sought to identify whether the trials that reported positive fall outcomes (fall risk or rate ratio<0.75) were qualitatively different to those with neutral (fall risk or rate ratio 0.75 to 1.25) or negative outcomes (fall risk or rate ratio>1.25).
BGF, ProFANE category referring to Balance, Gait or Functional exercises; End, endurance exercise; EP, exercise physiologist; ICA, intervention component analysis; Mod, moderate; NR, not reported; PT, physiotherapist; TNP, trained non-exercise professional; WBV, whole body vibration.