Table 4

HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality according to the physical activity changes at each intensity before and after diagnosis of dementia

PA changeDementia (n)Mortality (n)Person-yearsMortality rate*HR (95% CI)
Model 1†Model 2‡Model 3§
All-cause dementia
 Light PA
  No to No33 7789951124 46180.01 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No10 456293438 51576.20.95 (0.92 to 1.00)0.92 (0.89 to 0.96)0.93 (0.89 to 0.97)
  No to Yes9580218336 74259.40.74 (0.71 to 0.78)0.78 (0.75 to 0.82)0.79 (0.75 to 0.83)
  Yes to Yes6438136323 97556.90.71 (0.67 to 0.76)0.69 (0.66 to 0.74)0.70 (0.67 to 0.75)
 Moderate PA
  No to No52 56314 605194 22475.21 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No370798413 86971.00.94 (0.88 to 1.01)0.90 (0.85 to 0.97)0.91 (0.86 to 0.98)
  No to Yes312865512 28153.30.70 (0.65 to 0.76)0.78 (0.72 to 0.84)0.78 (0.72 to 0.84)
  Yes to Yes854187331856.40.75 (0.65 to 0.86)0.73 (0.63 to 0.85)0.74 (0.64 to 0.86)
 Vigorous PA
  No to No50 14214 191184 98176.71 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No4938124218 63866.60.87 (0.82 to 0.92)0.89 (0.84 to 0.94)0.89 (0.84 to 0.95)
  No to Yes379874314 77250.30.65 (0.61 to 0.70)0.76 (0.70 to 0.82)0.76 (0.71 to 0.82)
  Yes to Yes1374255530248.10.62 (0.55 to 0.71)0.69 (0.61 to 0.78)0.70 (0.61 to 0.79)
Alzheimer’s disease
 Light PA
  No to No24 372711788 27180.61 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No7521209827 18577.20.96 (0.91 to 1.01)0.92 (0.88 to 0.97)0.93 (0.88 to 0.97)
  No to Yes6681152625 34460.20.74 (0.70 to 0.79)0.78 (0.74 to 0.82)0.78 (0.74 to 0.83)
  Yes to Yes470298417 25657.00.71 (0.66 to 0.76)0.68 (0.63 to 0.73)0.69 (0.64 to 0.74)
 Moderate PA
  No to No37 88710 473137 62476.11 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No2654681984769.20.91 (0.84 to 0.98)0.86 (0.80 to 0.93)0.88 (0.81 to 0.95)
  No to Yes2124440821553.60.70 (0.64 to 0.77)0.75 (0.68 to 0.83)0.76 (0.69 to 0.83)
  Yes to Yes611131237055.30.72 (0.61 to 0.86)0.70 (0.59 to 0.83)0.71 (0.60 to 0.85)
 Vigorous PA
  No to No36 28210 177131 55677.41 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No343585812 88066.60.86 (0.80 to 0.92)0.86 (0.80 to 0.92)0.87 (0.81 to 0.93)
  No to Yes2603508999250.80.65 (0.60 to 0.71)0.75 (0.69 to 0.82)0.76 (0.69 to 0.83)
  Yes to Yes956182362950.20.65 (0.56 to 0.75)0.69 (0.60 to 0.80)0.70 (0.61 to 0.82)
Vascular dementia
 Light PA
  No to No4180117515 53875.61 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No1295337481370.00.93 (0.82 to 1.05)0.90 (0.80 to 1.02)0.90 (0.80 to 1.02)
  No to Yes1300243496249.00.65 (0.56 to 0.74)0.73 (0.63 to 0.83)0.73 (0.64 to 0.84)
  Yes to Yes761140280250.00.67 (0.56 to 0.79)0.69 (0.58 to 0.83)0.70 (0.59 to 0.83)
 Moderate PA
  No to No6469166924 05769.41 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No526135196468.80.99 (0.83 to 1.18)0.93 (0.78 to 1.10)0.93 (0.78 to 1.11)
  No to Yes44070172140.70.58 (0.46 to 0.74)0.76 (0.60 to 0.96)0.76 (0.60 to 0.97)
  Yes to Yes1012137456.10.81 (0.53 to 1.25)0.85 (0.55 to 1.31)0.84 (0.55 to 1.30)
 Vigorous PA
  No to No6158162422 93470.81 (reference)1 (reference)1 (reference)
  Yes to No698161257762.50.88 (0.75 to 1.04)0.95 (0.80 to 1.11)0.95 (0.81 to 1.12)
  No to Yes50791193946.90.66 (0.54 to 0.82)0.84 (0.68 to 1.04)0.85 (0.69 to 1.05)
  Yes to Yes1731966728.50.40 (0.26 to 0.63)0.47 (0.30 to 0.74)0.48 (0.30 to 0.75)
  • HRs (95% CIs) were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

  • Light PA engagement was defined as performing ≥30 min of light-intensity PA for ≥5 times/week; Moderate PA as performing ≥30 min of moderate-intensity PA for ≥5 times/week; vigorous PA as performing ≥20 min of vigorous-intensity PA for ≥3 times/week.

  • *Mortality rate per 1000 person-years.

  • †Model 1 was unadjusted.

  • ‡Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, residential area, income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and chronic kidney disease.

  • §Model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, residential area, income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, chronic kidney disease, disability and number of anti-dementia medications used.

  • CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PA, physical activity.