Physiological, biomechanical, and sensorimotor effects of running after a cycle to run transition, as compared with isolated running, in triathletes
| Subjects | Protocol | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Key: ↑ increase; ↓ decrease; V̇e, ventilation (litres/min); HR, heart rate (beats/min); BLA, blood lactate concentration; HR=max, maximal heart rate; V̇o2max, maximal oxygen uptake; CR, energy cost of running; CR, constant run; PR, progressive run; NS, non-significant at the 95% confidence limit. | |||
| 13 female duathletes & triathletes | Measurement of running economy at 169, 177, 196 and 215 m/min and run at V̇o2max during control running v after 45 min cycling at 70% V̇o2max | ↑ running economy (p<0.02) at each test velocity after cycling | Danner and Plowman17 |
| 5 men | Cycled 70% V̇o2maxfor 60 min then ran at 85% V̇o2max for 30 min. 2 control run or bike sessions. | CR: ↑ V̇o2, V̇e, HR than CR | Kreider et al26 |
| Cycle 60 min followed by either constant run CN 85% V̇o2max or PR (increase up to 85% in first 9 min) | PR strategy did ↓ work in first 9 min but induced ↓ V̇o2, V̇e, HR and BLA in rest of run than CR. | ||
| 5 triathletes | Filmed at 1, 5, and 9 km into 10 km run after warm up or after 40 km cycle | Run speed ↓ after bike (p<0.05) though no difference in run velocity or stride length at the intervals. Trend to↓ stride length after bike (NS).↑ internal mechanical work. No significant difference in passive energy exchange or rate of energy exchange in the run mechanics between the two conditions | Marino and Goegan25 |
| 12 men | Prior swim and bike ↑ V̇o2, V̇e, HR and ventilatory efficiency (all NS) | Miura et al10 | |
| 11 men | 1.5 km swim + 40 km run + 10 km run | ↑ mean V̇o2 | Guezennec et al22 |
| 1 week later did control 10 km run | ↑ fraction of V̇o2max used | ||
| ↑ mean V̇e, HR, and lactate at end of both runs NS | |||
| ↓ running efficiency | |||
| 4 triathletes, 3 duathletes | (30 min swim, 60 min bike, 45 min run) or 45 min run at triathlon run speed. Swim to cycle transition of 5 min; cycle to run transition of 8 min. triathlon run at 60 % HRmax 20 min then 80%. | ↑ in CR | Hausswirth et al23 |
| ↓ stride length immediately after cycling | |||
| mean stride length unchanged | |||
| 7 men | As in Hausswirth et al23 | ↑ forward leaning posture after cycling | Hausswirth et al18 |
| 8 elite, 8 subelite, mixed sex | Two 7 min runs at speed same as sustained during triathlon before and after max cycle exercise CR and external mechanical cost of running evaluated during last min of each run. | Triathlon ability level related to change in energy cost after bike (p<0.01). Effect of cycling on respiratory muscle O2 demand more important (p<0.05) for subelite than elite. Tendency to ↓ mechanical cost associated with better leg stiffness regulation in elites | Millet et al31 |