Summary of studies showing metabolic and cardiovascular responses during Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) exercise
| Reference | Subject numbersAverage age (years)TCC experience (years) | TCC style | Vo2 (l/min) | %V̇o2max | METs | Peak heart rate (beats/min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values are mean (SD). | ||||||
| M, male; F, female; H, high posture; L, low posture; a, one set practised; b, two sets practised consecutively; c, three sets practised consecutively. | ||||||
| Gong et al3 | N = 100 | Simplified style | — | — | — | 104 (14) |
| Age = 46–80 | ||||||
| TCC = 0.5–30 | ||||||
| Zhuo et al8 | N = 11 | Yang style | 1.03 | <50% | 4.1 | 134 |
| Age = 28.4 | ||||||
| TCC = 3–8 | ||||||
| Chen et al7 | N = 10 | Chen style | 1.00 (0.26) (H) | — | 4.8 | 107.2 (15.3) (H) |
| Age = 50.9 | 1.36 (0.37) (L) | 6.5 | 133.8 (18.1) (L) | |||
| TCC = 0.5–5 | ||||||
| N = 10 | Yang style | 0.55 (0.13) (H) | 2.5 | 101.1 (15.9) (H) | ||
| Age = 65.6 | 0.77 (0.11) (L) | 3.5 | 115.8 (20.0) (L) | |||
| TCC = 2–10 | ||||||
| N = 10 | Simplified form | 0.58 (0.14) (H) | 2.6 | 92.0 (10.2) (H) | ||
| Age = 60.0 | 0.77 (0.18) (L) | 3.5 | 107.7 (13.5) (L) | |||
| TCC = 0.5–40 | ||||||
| Brown et al9 | N = 6 (M) | Yang style | 1.07 (0.41) | — | 4.04 (1.56) | 113.80 (14.45) |
| Age = 34.3 | ||||||
| TCC = 8.3 | ||||||
| Cao11 | N = 10 | Yang style | 0.708 (0.206) | 2.87 (0.88) | 107.62 (10.31) | |
| Age = 29.4 | ||||||
| TCC = 2–15 | ||||||
| Schneider et al10 | N = 10 | — | 1.19 (0.32) | 36.4 (6.5) | 4.60 (1.1) | 116 (22) |
| Age = 35.5 | ||||||
| TCC = 6.8 | ||||||
| Lai et al27 | N = 90 | Yang style | 130 (14) (M) | |||
| Age = 57 | 127 (13) (F) | |||||
| Lai et al12 | N = 84 | Yang style | — | — | — | 128 (M) |
| Age = 50–64 | 122 (F) | |||||
| Liu et al13 | N = 12 | Simplified style | — | — | — | 109.90 (14.13) (a) |
| Age = 68.67 | 110.00 (12.27) (b) | |||||
| TCC = 10.6 | 113.36 (13.68) (c) | |||||