Raw data and percentage differences for males and females in both groups
| Group | CSA | Peak torque | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw data (cm2) | Mean of % differences (95% CI) | Paired t test | Raw data (Nm) | Mean of % differences (95% CI) | Paired t test | |
| *Statistically significant within groups. | ||||||
| CSA, cross-sectional area; D, dominant; I, injured; ND, non-dominant; Nm, Newton metres; PFPS, patellofemoral pain syndrome; UI, un-injured; 95% CI, 95% confidence intervals. | ||||||
| Control (females, n = 6) | 17.85±5.7 ND | 1.69% (−0.6 to 3.9) | 0.102 | 95.2±14.9 ND | 7.4% (0.8 to 13.9) | 0.038* |
| 18.07±5.5 D | 102.1±16.5 D | |||||
| Controls (males, n = 4) | 22.91±2.4 ND | 0.73% (−0.1 to 1.6) | 0.079 | 154.3±16.7 ND | 7.9% (−2.9 to 18.9) | 0.09 |
| 23.07±2.3 D | 165.8±8.3 D | |||||
| Control (total n = 10) | 19.87±5.2 ND | 1.31% (0.07 to 2.5) | 0.020* | 118.8±33.9 ND | 7.6% (3.2 to 12) | 0.005* |
| 20.08±5.1 D | 127.6±35.4 D | |||||
| PFPS (females, n = 35) | 16.82±4.6 I | 4.57% (1.5 to 7.6) | 0.0001* | 82.6±27.8 I | 22% (13.4 to 32) | 0.0001* |
| 17.39±4.5 UI | 95.9±27.1 UI | |||||
| PFPS (males, n = 22) | 20.03±3.8 I | 2.38% (0.8 to 3.9) | 0.001* | 118.7±36.5 I | 15% (8.1 to 22.7) | 0.001* |
| 20.31±3.9 UI | 135.5±38.8 UI | |||||
| PFPS (total n = 57) | 18.06±4.6 I | 3.38% (1.3 to 5.4) | 0.0001* | 96.5±35.8 I | 18.4% (13 to 23.8)* | 0.0001* |
| 18.32±4.4 UI | 111.2±37.3 UI | |||||
| Trauma (total n = 5) | 20.02±5.3 I | 7.66% (0.4 to 14.9) | − | 124.8±66.6 I | 36.6% (−33.5 to 106.7) | − |
| 21.76±6.9 UI | 150.2±55.9 UI | |||||