Characteristics of time trials (TT) and subjects studied
| TT1 | TT2 | TT3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject’s data are shown as mean (SD), range (minimum–maximum). RCT, respiratory compensation threshold; TRIMP, training impulse (see text below); TT1, first long TT of Tour 1998; TT2, first long TT of Tour 1999; TT3, second long TT of Tour 1999; VT, ventilatory threshold; Wpeak, peak power output. See text below for explanations of zones 1, 2, and 3. | |||
| *Including the opening TT (“prologue”) of <10 km distance. | |||
| Race demands before the TT | |||
| Total distance covered | 1246 | 1412 | 3490 |
| No. of previous stages* | 6 | 8 | 19 |
| No. of rest days | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Accumulated TRIMP by subjects | 2119 (250), 1688–2361 | 2844 (591), 2356−3739 | 7235 (541), 6860−8010 |
| TT characteristics | |||
| Distance (km) | 58 | 56.5 | 57 |
| Route | Flat hilly (one third category mountain pass) | Overall flat with some hills | Flat |
| Performance of TT winner (s) | 4525 (∼46 km h−1) | 4116 (∼49 km h−1) | 4097 (∼50.4 km h−1) |
| Subjects | (n = 6) | (n = 5) | (n = 5) |
| Age (years) | 26 (1), 25–28 | 26 (3), 22–30 | 26 (3), 22–30 |
| Height (cm) | 182 (5), 176–188 | 178 (4), 175–184 | 180 (6), 175–187 |
| Mass (kg) | 69.7 (6.1), 59.8–78.0 | 65.2 (4.0), 59.8–69.0 | 68.0 (4.0), 62.0–73.0 |
| Subject’s TT performance | |||
| Total time (s) | 4805 (129), 4658–4996(∼43.5 km h−1) | 504 (188), 4173–4641(∼45.2 km h−1) | 4454 (212), 4106–4649(∼45.7 km h−1) |
| % Time spent in zone 1 | 2 (1), 0–3 | 1 (1), 0–2 | 7 (8), 0–16 |
| % Time spent in zone2 | 32 (22), 2–89 | 46 (26), 18–78 | 83 (14), 61–97 |
| % Time spent in zone 3 | 66 (33), 10–98 | 53 (26), 20–80 | 10 (16), 0–38 |
| Vo2max | |||
| ml min−1 | 5254 (349), 4800–5744 | 5224 (296), 4826–5590 | 5128 (301), 4798–5503 |
| ml kg−1 min−1 | 75.4 (5.3), 70.9–84.2 | 80.1 (2.5), 76.8–83.0 | 75.4 (7.1), 70.3–86.1 |
| ml kg−1 kg−0.32 min−1 | 1348 (79), 1290–1493 | 1358 (60), 1303–1453 | 1333 (95), 1247–1442 |
| Wpeak | |||
| W | 525 (32), 500–585 | 482 (40), 450–515 | 513 (34), 480–560 |
| W kg−1 | 7.5 (0.5), 7.0–8.4 | 7.4 (0.4), 6.8–7.7 | 7.5 (0.2), 7.2–7.7 |
| W kg−0.32 | 135 (7), 125–146 | 125 (9), 118–134 | 133 (6), 125–140 |
| VT | |||
| W | 373 (27), 330–410 | 315 (29), 285–355 | 319 (29), 280−355 |
| W kg−1 | 5.4 (0.6), 4.9–6.5 | 4.8 (0.4), 4.3–5.3 | 4.7 (0.6), 3.8–5.4 |
| W kg−0.32 | 96 (7), 86−105 | 82 (7), 75−92 | 83 (9), 70−92 |
| % Vo2max | 74 (3), 70−78 | 73 (6), 66−81 | 71 (5), 65−76 |
| RCT | |||
| W | 458 (24), 425−495 | 402 (43), 345−450 | 430 (35), 390−480 |
| W kg−1 | 6.6 (0.7), 6.1−7.9 | 6.2 (0.6), 5.5−6.9 | 6.3 (0.5), 5.8−7.0 |
| W kg−0.32 | 118 (7), 110−127 | 105 (11(93−117 | 112 (8), 101−125 |
| % Vo2max | 90 (2), 88−93 | 88 (5), 80−92 | 90 (5), 83−96 |