Region of injury
| Style | No | Upper extremity | Lower extremity | Groin | Trunk | Head/neck |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values are number of participants with outcome (%). | ||||||
| *p<0.001 compared with Shotokan karate. | ||||||
| TKD, tae kwon do. | ||||||
| Karate | 114 | 19 (16.7) | 26 (22.8) | 1 (0.9) | 17 (14.9) | 11 (9.6) |
| TKD | 49 | 20 (40.8)* | 28 (57.1)* | 9 (18.4)* | 12 (24.5) | 15 (30.6)* |
| Aikido | 47 | 20 (42.6)* | 16 (34.0) | 3 (6.4) | 12 (25.5) | 15 (31.9)* |
| Kung fu | 39 | 8 (20.5) | 14 (35.9) | 2 (5.1) | 5 (12.8) | 4 (10.3) |
| Tai chi | 14 | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) |
| Total | 263 | 68 (25.9) | 85 (32.3) | 15 (5.7) | 47 (17.9) | 46 (17.5) |