Chapman et al5 | 26 men (19–63) | TM | 3.7 litres/min | 136 | DD | Bimodal ↑ |
Bevegard et al2 | 8 ET men (17–28) | Cycle | 3.4 litres/min | 155 | HC | Plateau |
Astrand et al1 | 11 women (20–31) | Cycle | 2.6 litres/min | 100 | DD | Plateau |
| 12 men (20–31) | | 4.05 litres/min | 134 | | |
Grimby et al3 | 9 ET men (45–55) | Cycle | 3.8 litres/min | 163 | DD | Plateau |
Ekblom & Hermansen6 | 13 athletes (22–34) | TM | 73.9 ml/kg/min | 189 | DD | 9 progressive ↑ |
| | | | | | 4 plateau |
Vanfraechem22 | 17 ET men (21) | Cycle | 4.55 litres/min | 122 | IC | Progressive ↑ |
Crawford et al23 | 12 CR men & women | Cycle | – | – | RNA | Progressive ↑ |
| 16 NCR men & women | | | | | Plateau |
Hagberg et al24 | 8 MA men (56) | TM | 56.6 ml/kg/min | 133 | CO2 | Plateau |
| 8 Matched to MA (25) | | 62.2 ml/kg/min | 131 | | Plateau |
| 8 CR men (26) | | 70.3 ml/kg/min | 133 | | Plateau |
| 15 SED men (58) | | 29.7 ml/kg/min | 109 | | Plateau |
Higginbotham4 | 12 UT men (20–50) | Cycle | 2.0–3.8 litres/min | – | DD | Plateau |
| 12 ET men (20–50) | | | | | |
Rivera et al10 | 11 ET men (27–39) | Cycle | 70.4 ml/kg/min | 137 | ARB | ET plateau |
| 11 MA men (59–81) | | 45 ml/kg/min | 117 | | 5/11 MA plateau |
| | | | | | 6/11 MA progressive ↑ |
Sullivan et al16 | 34 men (20–70) | Cycle | 31.5 ml/kg/min | – | HC | Plateau |
| 27 women (20–63) | | 28.4 ml/kg/min | | | |
Ogawa et al17 | 14 SED men (27) | TM | 45.9 ml/kg/min | 115 | ARB | Progressive ↓ |
| 13 SED men (63) | | 27.2 ml/kg/min | 101 | | 50–100% of Vo2max in all |
| 14 SED women (23) | | 37 ml/kg/min | 80 | | groups |
| 14 SED women (64) | | 22.2 ml/kg/min | 74 | | |
| 15 ET men (28) | | 63.3 ml/kg/min | 154 | | |
| 14 ET men (63) | | 47.6 ml/kg/min | 124 | | |
| 13 ET women (26) | | 52.1 ml/kg/min | 102 | | |
| 13 ET women (57) | | 35.3 ml/kg/min | 85 | | |
Spina et al19 | 12 Men & women (25) | Cycle & TM | Before training: | Before training: | ARB | Before training: Progressive ↓ |
| Training study | | 42 ml/kg/min | 106 | | 50–100% of Vo2max After |
| | | After training: | After training: | | training: Plateau |
| | | 50 ml/kg/min | 115 | | |
Spina et al15 | 15 men (63) | TM | After training: | After training: | ARB | Before & after training: |
| 16 women (64) | | 2.8 litres/min | 116 | | Progressive ↓ |
| Training study | | 1.66 litres/min | 70 | | 50–100% of Vo2max |
Leyk et al25 | 7 ET men (26) | Cycle | 4.05 litres/min | – | TDE | Plateau |
| 2 ET women (26) | | | | | |
Gledhill et al7 | 7 ET men (22.5) | Cycle | 68.6 ml/kg/min | 183 | ARB | UT plateau |
| 7 UT men (22) | | 44.1 ml/kg/min | 129 | | ET progressive ↑ |
McLaren et al13 | 10 Male cyclists (65) | Cycle | 54 ml/kg/min | – | IC | Plateau |
| 11 Male runners (65) | | 48 ml/kg/min | | | |
| 10 UT men (66) | | 28 ml/kg/min | | | |
Krip et al8 | 6 UT men (22) | Cycle | 41.5 ml/kg/min | 130 | ARB | Progressive ↑ |
| 6 ET men (24.8) | | 64 ml/kg/min | 171 | | |
Proctor et al14 | 8 Young ET men (24) | Cycle | 56.5 ml/kg/min | – | ARB | Young men progressive ↓ |
| 8 Older ET men (64) 6 Young ET women (27) | | 39.9 ml/kg/min 45.6 ml/kg/min | | | Older men plateau with some exhibiting progressive ↓ |
| | | | | | 70–90% of Vo2max |
| | | | | | Young women plateau |
| | | | | | Older women progressive ↓ |
| 8 Older ET women (61) | | 35.1 ml/kg/min | | | 70–90% of Vo2max |
McCole et al18 | 11 SED women (63) | TM | – | – | ARB | Progressive ↓ |
| 19 PA women (63) | | | | | 60–100% of Vo2max |
| 14 MA women (65) | | | | | |
Wiebe et al11 | 23 ET women (20–63) | Cycle | 40–70 ml/kg/min | 104–125 | ARB | Progressive ↑ |
Warburton et al21 | 9 ET men (22) | Cycle | 68.9 ml/kg/min | 160 | ARB | Progressive ↑ |
Ferguson et al20 | 7 MT women (18–30) | Cycle | 64.3 ml/kg/min | 121 | ARB | MT bimodal ↑ |
| 7 ET women (18–30) | | 42.1 ml/kg/min | 90 | | ET progressive ↑ |
Zhou et al12 | 10 UT men (28) | TM | 48.9 ml/kg/min | 128 | ARB | UT plateau |
| 10 male DR (26) | | 72.1 ml/kg/min | 145 | | DR plateau |
| 5 male ER (30) | | 84.1 ml/kg/min | 187 | | ER progressive ↑ |
Martino et al9 | 6 UT men (19–22) | TM | 43–67 ml/kg/min | 89–159 | ARB | Bimodal ↑ |
Warburton et al26 | 10 ET men (18–30) | Cycle | 67.8 ml/kg/min | – | RNV | Progressive ↑ |