Categories of injury mechanism descriptions with examples of elements and descriptions
| Category | Elements | Examples of factors describing the injury mechanism | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-contact ACL injury in basketball | ACL injury in a mogul skiing jump landing | Knock-out in boxing | Lower leg stress fracture in football | ||
| ACL, Anterior cruciate ligament. | |||||
| Playing (sports) situation | Team action | Fast break | Course steepness | Uppercut, hook | Exposure to matches and training (total load) |
| Skill performed before, and at, the point of injury | Zone defence | Jump elements (e.g. twist, helicopter) | Counterattack | Midfielder with defensive and offensive tasks (i.e. many runs in matches/training) | |
| Court position | Charging | Jump height & length | Foot work | Hard working team | |
| Player position | Cutting | Forced into the corner/to the ropes | Frequency of duels | ||
| Ball handling | Setting up for a shot | Ring-side referee decision | |||
| Defensive rebound | Inter-boxer distance | ||||
| Man to man defence | |||||
| Athlete/opponent behaviour | Player performance | Effort | Rhythm and balance before the jump | Awareness | Effort |
| Opponent interaction | Disturbance by opponent | Concentration | Aggressiveness | Toe/heel runner | |
| Player attention | Intention | Balance | Punching power | Jumping technique | |
| Foot firmly fixed to the floor | Boot binding release | Punching speed | Duel technique | ||
| Intention | Visual control | Balance | |||
| Technical foul | Jumping technique | ||||
| Over-rotation | |||||
| Falling technique | |||||
| Whole body biomechanics | Coarse description, often static, of whole body kinematics and kinetics | Sideways translation | Linear and angular momentum | Centre of mass velocity | Stride length |
| Rotation of the body around the fixed foot | Energy absorption | Punching force | Stride frequency | ||
| Speed at impact | Centre of mass to the rear | Punching direction | Vertical excursion | ||
| Foot in front of centre of mass | Weight distribution on the legs | Ground reaction forces | |||
| Knee flexion angle | |||||
| Joint/tissue biomechanics | Detailed description of joint/tissue kinematics and kinetics | Valgus moment | Shear forces | Energy transfer | Bending moment |
| Pivot shift of the tibia relative to the femur | Anterior drawer | Head acceleration | Shear forces | ||
| Notch impingement | Intercondylar lift off, loading rate | Pressure distribution and localisation | Surface/shoe dynamics | ||