Combined physical interventions for lateral epicondylalgia (LE)
| Intervention | Duration of LE (months) | Sample size (N) | INT (n) | Week | Global improvement (RR) | Pain (SMD) | MGS (SMD) | PFGS (SMD) | Pressure pain threshold (SMD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary of validity score, sample size, and effect size (95% confidence interval) for global improvement, pain, maximum grip strength (MGS), and pain-free grip strength (PFGS) and pressure pain threshold for study time intervals on included interventions. Effect size measured as standardised mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcome measures and relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcome measures. | |||||||||
| INT, Number of treatment sessions; Week, timing of outcome measures from baseline; US, ultrasound. | |||||||||
| US+friction massage + exercise versus corticosteroid injection50 | 11 | 183 | 9 | 6 | 0.51 (0.39 to 0.67) | −1.20 (−1.58 to −0.82) | −0.61 (−0.97 to −0.25) | −1.07 (−1.45 to −0.70) | −0.56 (−0.92 to −0.20) |
| 12 | 0.04 (−0.31 to 0.39) | 0.11 (−0.24 to 0.46) | 0.37 (0.02 to 0.73) | 0.11 (−0.23 to 0.46) | |||||
| 26 | 0.52 (0.17 to 0.88) | 0.22 (−0.13 to 0.58) | 0.56 (0.21 to 0.92) | 0.67 (0.32 to 1.03) | |||||
| 52 | 1.31 (1.09 to 1.57) | 0.40 (0.05 to 0.76) | 0.15 (−0.20 to 0.50) | 0.71 (0.35 to 1.07) | 0.35 (−0.01 to 0.70) | ||||
| US+friction massage + exercise versus wait & see50 | 11 | 183 | 9 | 6 | 1.46 (0.93 to 2.29) | 0.26 (−0.10 to 0.61) | 0.29 (−0.07 to 0.64) | 0.18 (−0.18 to 0.53) | 0.37 (0.01 to 0.72) |
| 12 | 0.35 (−0.01 to 0.71) | 0.28 (−0.08 to 0.63) | 0.16 (−0.20 to 0.51) | 0.04 (−0.32 to 0.39) | |||||
| 26 | 0.26 (−0.09 to 0.62) | 0.20 (−0.16 to 0.55) | 0.21 (−0.15 to 0.56) | 0.30 (−0.06 to 0.66) | |||||
| 52 | 1.09 (0.95 to 1.25) | 0.26 (−0.10 to 0.61) | 0.19 (−0.17 to 0.54) | 0.40 (0.04 to 0.75) | −0.06 (−0.41 to 0.29) | ||||