Table 4

Percentage of baseline concussion symptoms by sex (n = 1209)

Symptom	Sex	% (mild)	%(moderate)	%(severe)	%(total)	χ² (df = 3)	p	V†
Significant at the 0.05 level; significant at the 0.01 level; **significant at the 0.001 level.
†Cramer’s V (measure of effect size).
Headache	Male	18.9	5.4	0.3	24.6	21.8	0.001**	0.13
	Female	22.9	9.3	2.2	34.4
Nausea	Male	8.3	1.2	0.2	9.7	8.2	0.04*	0.08
	Female	13.1	1.8	0.2	15.1
Vomiting	Male	3.4	0.3	0.0	3.7	1.8	0.40	0.04
	Female	3.0	0.0	0.0	3.0
Balance problems	Male	8.1	1.4	0.3	9.8	0.4	0.95	0.02
	Female	7.9	1.8	0.4	10.0
Dizziness	Male	11.2	1.7	0.2	13.1	2.0	0.56	0.04
	Female	11.6	2.7	0.4	14.7
Fatigue	Male	25.7	13.4	1.4	40.4	10.6	0.014*	0.09
	Female	29.2	18.5	0.9	48.6
Trouble falling asleep	Male	15.4	6.5	2.6	24.4	9.5	0.024*	0.09
	Female	17.9	10.4	1.6	29.9
Sleeping more than usual	Male	8.6	4.5	0.5	13.5	8.9	0.03*	0.09
	Female	12.5	5.0	1.4	19.0
Sleeping less than usual	Male	17.4	7.7	2.8	27.8	8.2	0.04*	0.08
	Female	18.6	12.0	1.8	32.4
Drowsiness	Male	18.9	6.3	0.9	26.1	5.5	0.05*	0.08
	Female	21.0	10.0	1.3	32.3
Sensitive to light	Male	8.6	2.2	0.5	11.2	10.9	0.012*	0.10
	Female	12.9	4.1	0.7	17.7
Sensitive to noise	Male	6.6	1.1	0.6	8.3	10.7	0.013*	0.09
	Female	8.6	3.6	0.5	12.7
Irritability	Male	12.7	5.4	1.2	19.4	12.2	0.007**	0.10
	Female	20.1	5.2	1.4	26.7
Sadness	Male	11.5	1.7	0.6	13.8	16.5	0.001***	0.12
	Female	17.0	3.2	2.0	22.2
Nervousness	Male	13.7	3.2	0.6	17.5	12.7	0.005**	0.10
	Female	16.8	4.3	2.7	20.4
Feeling more emotional	Male	10.8	2.2	0.5	13.4	51.1	0.001***	0.21
	Female	18.5	7.9	2.5	28.9
Numbness	Male	4.3	0.6	0.0	4.9	3.0	0.39	0.05
	Female	3.4	0.7	0.4	4.5
Feeling slowed down	Male	16.1	4.9	0.8	21.8	6.3	0.10	0.07
	Female	21.3	5.2	0.4	26.9
Feeling mentally foggy	Male	14.0	4.0	0.5	18.4	0.6	0.91	0.02
	Female	14.7	4.7	0.4	19.7
Difficulty concentrating	Male	18.1	5.4	1.2	24.7	9.4	0.025*	0.09
	Female	21.0	8.6	2.2	31.7
Difficulty remembering	Male	12.4	3.1	0.9	16.4	3.3	0.35	0.05
	Female	14.0	3.9	1.8	19.7
Visual problems	Male	6.0	0.8	0.3	7.1	6.7	0.08	0.07
	Female	9.9	1.1	0.4	11.3
Total symptoms***	Male	66.2	1.4	0.2	67.8	12.3	0.006**	0.10
	Female	73.5	2.5	0.0	76.0