Descriptive statistics by trial
| Variable | Water | CHO-E | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Values are mean (SD). p Values are indicated when only one measurement was made per trial (paired t test). | |||
| Water trial, Ad libitum ingestion of water; CHO-E trial, ad libitum ingestion of a carbohydrate/electrolyte sports drink. | |||
| Pre-exercise urine specific gravity | 1.025 (0.005) | 1.024 (0.006) | 0.4558 |
| Fluid intake (ml) | 1736.5 (543.3) | 1896.6 (644.8) | 0.0628 |
| Urine volume (ml) | 43.5 (24.4) | 63.9 (49.3) | 0.0515 |
| Fluid retention (ml) | 1693.0 (544.0) | 1832.7 (644.5) | 0.0892 |
| Change in body weight (%) | −0.9 (0.6) | −0.5 (0.7) | 0.0165 |
| Sweat loss (ml) | 2290.8 (707.8) | 2171.6 (576.5) | 0.1765 |
| Rating of perceived exertion | |||
| Mid-exercise | 13.9 (3.4) | 13.1 (3.3) | |
| Post-exercise | 13.4 (2.1) | 14.5 (2.8) | |
| Thirst perception | |||
| Pre-exercise | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.7 (1.3) | |
| Mid-exercise | 4.7 (2.0) | 4.4 (1.8) | |
| Post-exercise | 3.2 (1.8) | 4.1 (1.8) | |
| Gastrointestinal distress | |||
| Pre-exercise | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.8) | |
| Mid-exercise | 2.0 (1.6) | 2.1 (1.7) | |
| Post-exercise | 1.6 (0.8) | 3.0 (2.3) | |