Variable | Male | Female | Air temperature | Gender | Standard | ||
Elite (n = 33) | Recreational (n = 34) | Elite (n = 7) | Recreational (n = 12) | ||||
Air temperature (°C) | 25 (3.8) | 24.9 (6.4) | 26.9 (6.4) | 23.3 (7.1) | NS | NS | |
WBGT (°C) | 23.0 (3.0) | 22.1 (4.7) | 24.4 (4.9) | 20.9 (6.2) | NS | NS | |
Core temperature (°C) | 38.5 (0.4) | 38.4 (0.4) | 38.4 (0.3) | 38.2 (0.3) | NS | NS | NS |
Skin temperaturei (°C) | 31.7 (2.0) | 32.1 (2.1) | 32.0 (2.8) | 31.1 (3.6) | *** | *** | NS |
Sweat rate (litres/h) | 1.2 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.4) | *** | NS | NS |
Sweat rate (ml/kg/h) | 14.5 (5.2) | 11.1 (4.3) | 17.3 (4.4) | 9.2 (6.4) | *** | NS | NS |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 140.3 (13.1) | 131.3 (13.2) | 149.6 (6.5) | 126.8 (8.9) | NS | NS | * |
Thermal comfort | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.1 (0.9) | 4.8 (1.00 | 5.1 (1.0) | *** | NS | NS |
Sweatiness | 2.0 (1.0) | 1.8 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.1) | 1.5 (0.7) | *** | NS | NS |
Perceived exertion | 12.9 (1.8) | 12.8 (2.3) | 13.2 (1.0) | 12.3 (2.0) | ** | NS | NS |
Data are presented as mean (SD). n = number of observations.
iInteraction between gender and air temperature for skin temperature. NS, not significant; *<0.05; **<0.01; ***<0.001. Thermal comfort: 1 = “much too cool”, 7 = “much too warm”; sweatiness: 0 = “dry”, 4 = “dripping wet”; perceived exertion: 6 = “very very light”, 20 = “very very hard”.