Europe | Helm | Denmark | 1979 | 3817 | 7–18 | Danish school children | Good correlation with TW2 standard. Differences observed in adolescents |
Jimenex | Spain | 1996 | 239 | 1–14 | Spain | Good correlation with US (G&P) standards |
van Rijn | Holland | 2001 | 573 | 5–20 | Holland | Good correlation with G&P standards |
Koc | Turkey | 2001 | 225 | 7–17 | Turkey | Faster development in age group 14–17 years. G&P standards list completely applicable to Turkish boys |
Benso | Italy | 1997 | 407 | 7–12 | Italy | Good correlation with TW2 standards, positive correlation between SA progression and BMI |
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Sub-Saharan Africa | Lewis | Malawi | 2002 | 139 | 2–28 | Sub-Saharan Africa | SA was lower than CA in comparison with G&P standards |
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South America | Guimarey | Brazil/Argentina | 2003 | 205 | 1–17 | Brazil/Argentina | Good correlation with TW2 standards |
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Asia | Zhen | China | 1986 | 572 | 7–17 | Northern China | Faster maturation than TW2 standards. |
Murata | Japan | 1997 | 1075 | 6–16 | Metropolitan area of Tokyo | Children attain maturity 1–2 years earlier than Europeans (TW2 method) |
Ye | China | 1992 | 2222 | 2–40 | South China | Boys aged 12–17 years and girls aged 10–15 years are ahead of skeletal maturity by TW2 standards |
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North America | Loder | USA | 1993 | 841 | 0–18 | 461 black, 380 white | Black girls’ SA advanced by 0.4–0.7 years. In black and white boys in adolescence age 0.4–0.5 years advanced on SA (compared with G&P) |
Ontell | USA | 1996 | 765 | 0–18 | White, black, Asian, Hispanic | In adolescence, black girls mature faster by 10 months, hispanic girls by 9 months, black adolescent boys by 5 months, Asian boys by 11 months and white boys behind by 4–8 months (G&P standards) |
Mora | USA | 2001 | 534 | 0–19 | 260 EA, 274 AA | EA post pubescent boys had advanced SA compared with G&P standards and also advanced skeletal maturation when compared with AA. |