| Men | Women | |||||||
| Data for survey year, % (95% CI) | p Value for trend* | Data for survey year, % (95% CI) | p Value for trend* | |||||
| 1997–8 (n = 11 091) | 2003–04 (n = 9798) | 2006 (n = 6324) | 1997/8 (n = 13 399) | 2003–04 (n = 12 504) | 2006 (n = 7818) | |||
| Age, mean | 46.1 (45.8 to 46.5) | 48.1 (47.7 to 48.4) | 49.2 (48.8 to 49.7) | <0.001 | 47.1 (46.8 to 47.1) | 48.7 (48.3 to 49.0) | 49.3 (48.8 to 49.7) | <0.001 |
| Household income, mean | 20 740 (20 374 to 21 107) | 28 371 (27 827 to 28 916) | 30 438 (29 720 to 28 915) | <0.001 | 18 797 (18 476 to 19 119) | 25 149 (24 712 to 25 586) | 28 030 (27 402 to 28 656) | <0.001 |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 16–29 | 21.0 (20.2 to 21.8) | 17.7 (16.9 to 18.5) | 16.4 (15.5 to 17.3) | <0.001 | 20.5 (19.8 to 21.2) | 17.3 (16.6 to 18.0) | 16.8 (16.0 to 17.6) | <0.001 |
| 30–44 | 28.5 (27.7 to 29.3) | 28.0 (27.1 to 28.9) | 26.3 (25.2 to 27.4) | 28.2 (27.4 to 29.0) | 28.4 (27.6 to 29.2) | 27.2 (26.2 to 28.2) | ||
| 45–64 | 31.6 (30.7 to 32.5) | 33.2 (32.3 to 34.1) | 34.4 (33.2 to 35.6) | 30.0 (29.2 to 30.8) | 31.7 (30.9 to 32.5) | 32.6 (31.6 to 33.6) | ||
| 65+ | 18.9 (18.2 to 19.6) | 21.1 (20.3 to 21.9) | 23.0 (22.0 to 24.0) | 21.3 (20.6 to 22.0) | 22.6 (21.9 to 23.3) | 23.5 (22.6 to 24.4) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 94.0 (93.6 to 94.4) | 90.7 (90.1 to 91.3) | 91.0 (90.3 to 91.7) | <0.001 | 94.4 (94.0 to 94.8) | 90.4 (90.0 to 90.9) | 91.0 (90.4 to 91.6) | <0.001 |
| Social class | ||||||||
| Manual | 51.6 (50.7 to 52.5) | 46.2 (45.3 to 47.2) | 43.2 (42.0 to 44.4) | <0.001 | 48.5 (47.7 to 49.4) | 39.8 (38.9 to 40.7) | 40.4 (39.3 to 41.5) | <0.001 |
| Education level | 35.1 (34.3 to 35.9) | 29.2 (28.4 to 30.0) | 29.0 (21.4 to 23.2) | <0.001 | ||||
| No qualifications | 27.2 (26.4 to 28.0) | 23.9 (23.1 to 24.7) | 24.5 (23.4 to 25.6) | <0.001 | ||||
| A-level or higher education† | 51.2 (50.0 to 52.1) | 51.0 (50.0 to 52.0) | 52.1 (50.9 to 53.3) | 45.5 (44.7 to 46.3) | 46.9 (46.0 to 47.8) | 48.7 (47.6 to 49.8) | ||
| Degree or above | 21.6 (20.8 to 22.4) | 25.1 (24.2 to 26.0) | 23.5 (22.5 to 24.6) | 19.4 (18.7 to 20.1) | 23.9 (23.2 to 24.7) | 22.3 (21.4 to 23.2) | ||
| Obesity | 17.2 (16.5 to 17.9) | 23.0 (22.2 to 23.8) | 24.9 (23.8 to 26.0) | <0.001 | 20.7 (20.0 to 21.4) | 23.6 (22.9 to 24.3) | 25.2 (24.2 to 26.2) | <0.001 |
| Car available | 82.9 (82.2 to 83.6) | 84.6 (83.9 to 85.3) | 85.0 (84.1 to 85.9) | <0.001 | ||||
| Self-reported health status | 93.2 (92.8 to 93.6) | 93.2 (92.8 to 93.6) | 93.1 (92.5 to 93.7) | 0.9 | ||||
| Fair or better | 93.7 (93.2 to 94.1) | 92.9 (92.4 to 93.4) | 92.4 (92.0 to 92.7) | 0.002 | ||||
| Smoking status | 75.2 (74.5 to 75.9) | 76.6 (75.9 to 77.3) | 78.0 (77.1 to 78.9) | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 72.1 (71.3 to 72.9) | 76.1 (75.3 to 77.0) | 77.6 (76.6 to 78.6) | <0.001 | 73.7 (73.0 to 74.5) | 77.2 (76.5 to 77.9) | 79.5 (78.6 to 80.4) | <0.001 |
| 1–15/day | 12.8 (12.2 to 13.4) | 11.7 (11.2 to 12.3) | 11.7 (10.9 to 12.5) | 13.7 (13.1 to 14.3) | 12.3 (11.7 to 12.9) | 12.2 (11.5 to 12.9) | ||
| ⩾15/day | 15.1 (14.4 to 15.8) | 12.2 (11.6 to 12.9) | 10.8 (10.0 to 11.6) | 12.6 (12.0 to 13.2) | 10.5 (10.0 to 11.0) | 8.3 (7.7 to 8.9) | ||
| Work activity level | ||||||||
| At least moderate level | 20.7 (19.7 to 21.7) | 19.2 (18.4 to 20.0) | 18.5 (17.5 to 19.5) | <0.001 | 11.7 (11.2 to 12.2) | 11.2 (10.7 to 11.8) | 11.2 (10.5 to 11.9) | 0.4 |
| Non-sporting/non-occupational activity | ||||||||
| ⩾5 30 minute sessions/week | 21.7 (21.2 to 22.2) | 20.8 (20.3 to 21.2) | 22.9 (22.4 to 23.4) | <0.001 | 23.3 (22.9 to 23.8) | 20.6 (20.2 to 21.1) | 24.8 (24.3 to 25.2) | <0.001 |
*Based on χ2 tests. †Below degree level.
Data from the Health Survey for England, men and women aged ⩾16 years.