Table 3 Age-standardised participation rates between 1997/8 and 2006 for men and women aged ⩾16 years living in England

	Men					Women
	Data for survey year			p Value for trend		Data for survey year			p Value for trend
	1997/8, % (referent)	2003/04,*% (OR) (95% CI)	2006,*% (OR) (95% CI)	Crude	Adjusted†	1997/8	2003/04,* % (OR) (95% CI)	2006,*% (OR) (95% CI)	Crude	Adjusted†
Overall participation
		51.8 (1.07) (1.01 to 1.14)	51.1 (1.08) (1.00 to 1.16)	0.975	0.039	42.1	44.2 (1.15) (1.08 to 1.21)	43.6 (1.14) (1.06 to 1.21)	<0.001	<0.001
Regular participation (⩾ once a week on average)	40.8	42.0 (1.13) (1.06 to 1.20)	41.2 (1.11) (1.03 to 1.19)	0.248	<0.001	31.2	34.0 (1.19) (1.13 to 1.26)	33.9 (1.21) (1.13 to 1.29)	<0.001	<0.001
Sport groupings participation
Any participation (⩾ once in last 4 weeks)
Cycling	16.5	15.2 (0.93) (0.86 to 1.01)	14.4 (0.92) (0.84 to 1.01)	0.004	0.093	8	7.1 (0.90) (0.81 to 0.99)	6.6 (0.81) (0.73 to 0.91)	0.002	0.002
Swimming	13.7	12.8 (0.91) (0.84 to 0.99)	12.8 (0.93) (0.85 to 1.03)	0.336	0.087	15.7	15.0 (0.93) (0.86 to 0.99)	15.3 (0.95) (0.88 to 1.04)	0.244	0.101
Dance	7.4	6.0 (0.84) (0.75 to 0.94)	4.7 (0.66) (0.57 to 0.76)	<0.001	<0.001	11.6	10.6 (0.92) (0.85 to 1.00)	10.5 (0.93) (0.84 to 1.02)	0.062	0.106
Running	12.7	11.8 (0.93) (0.85 to 1.02)	11.0 (0.89) (0.81 to 0.99)	0.025	0.075	4	5.1 (1.28) (1.13 to 1.45)	6.0 (1.58) (1.38 to 1.81)	<0.001	<0.001
Team sports‡	15	14.0 (0.94) (0.87 to 1.03)	13.6 (0.95) (0.86 to 1.04)	0.056	0.331	1.4	1.5 (1.00) (0.81 to 1.24)	1.7 (1.15) (0.90 to 1.45)	0.224	0.459
Racquet sports‡	7	5.7 (0.81) (0.72 to 0.91)	5.4 (0.77) (0.67 to 0.89)	<0.001	<0.001	3.5	3.1 (0.86) (0.74 to 0.99)	3.0 (0.85) (0.72 to 1.01)	0.211	0.061
Martial arts‡	0.7	0.9 (1.30) (0.95 to 1.77)	0.8 (1.12) (0.77 to 1.62)	0.207	0.26	0.2	0.4 (1.61) (1.00 to 2.60)	0.4 (1.98) (1.18 to 3.32)	0.038	0.028
Golf	5.3	5.3 (0.98) (0.87 to 1.11)	4.7 (0.86) (0.74 to 1.00)	0.092	0.133	0.7	0.9 (1.24) (0.93 to 1.64)	0.6 (0.68) (0.46 to 1.00)	0.013	0.007
Gym/health/fitness club‡	23.5	26.0 (1.14) (1.06 to 1.21)	25.5 (1.14) (1.06 to 1.23)	<0.001	<0.001	23.3	26.4 (1.15) (1.08 to 1.22)	25.8 (1.15) (1.08 to 1.24)	<0.001	<0.001
Outdoor watersports‡	0.9	0.8 (0.88) (0.65 to 1.19)	0.9 (1.04) (0.74 to 1.46)	0.639	0.589	0.3	0.3 (1.00) (0.63 to 1.57)	0.4 (1.31) (0.81 to 2.12)	0.303	0.458
Regular participation (⩾ once/week on average)
Cycling	10.2	9.9 (0.99) (0.90 to 1.09)	9.7 (1.01) (0.90 to 1.13)	0.886	0.967	4.3	4.3 (1.02) (0.90 to 1.15)	4.1 (0.93) (0.80 to 1.08)	0.674	0.467
Swimming	6.9	7.1 (1.01) (0.91 to 1.13)	6.6 (0.92) (0.80 to 1.04)	0.312	0.286	8.8	9.0 (1.00) (0.91 to 1.09)	9.1 (1.01) (0.91 to 1.12)	0.278	0.963
Dance	3.7	2.8 (0.79) (0.67 to 0.93)	2.3 (0.64) (0.52 to 0.78)	<0.001	<0.001	6.1	6.0 (0.98) (0.88 to 1.09)	6.1 (1.04) (0.92 to 1.17)	0.649	0.696
Run	9	8.1 (0.91) (0.82 to 1.00)	8.0 (0.92) (0.82 to 1.04)	0.096	0.138	2.4	3.2 (1.37) (1.17 to 1.61)	4.0 (1.84) (1.56 to 2.18)	<0.001	<0.001
Team sports‡	8.9	8.3 (0.94) (0.85 to 1.04)	8.6 (1.03) (0.91 to 1.15)	0.099	0.285	0.5	0.4 (0.85) (0.58 to 1.26)	0.5 (0.97) (0.63 to 1.50)	0.678	0.706
Racquet sports ‡	3.5	2.8 (0.82) (0.69 to 0.96)	2.9 (0.86) (0.71 to 1.04)	0.062	0.039	1.8	1.6 (0.84) (0.69 to 1.02)	1.5 (0.83) (0.65 to 1.04)	0.345	0.136
Golf	3	3.1 (1.03) (0.88 to 1.21)	2.8 (0.89) (0.73 to 1.08)	0.324	0.327	0.4	0.6 (1.36) (0.95 to 1.96)	0.4 (0.88) (0.55 to 1.41)	0.141	0.091
Gym/health club‡	17	18.7 (1.11) (1.03 to 1.20)		<0.001	<0.001	15.9	18.7 (1.18) (1.10 to 1.26)	18.7 (1.23) (1.14 to 1.33)	<0.001

*ORs and 95% confidence internals for comparisons with 1997/8, which was the referent time point. †Age-standardised and multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI using 1997/8 as the referent time point; adjusted for age, ethnicity, social class, income, education, obesity status, car ownership, smoking status, general health, occupational activity and non-sporting/non-occupational physical activity. ‡See table 1 for description of sports and exercise groupings.