Symptoms | All athletes (%, n = 278)* | No headgear (%, n = 216) | Headgear (%, n = 52) |
Loss of consciousness | 6.5 (18/278) | 6.9 (15/216) | 5.8 (3/52) |
Confusion/disorientation | 23.7 (66/278) | 26.4 (57/216) | 17.3 (9/52) |
Headache | 34.2 (95/278) | 39.4 (85/216) | 17.3 (9/52) |
Dizziness/balance problems | 16.9 (47/278) | 17.1 (37/216) | 15.4 (8/52) |
Memory difficulties | 2.2 (6/278) | 2.3 (5/216) | 1.9 (1/52) |
Blurred/abnormal vision | 7.9 (22/278) | 8.3 (18/216) | 3.8 (2/52) |
Nausea | 4.7 (13/278) | 5.1 (11/216) | 3.8 (2/52) |
Hearing abnormalities | 2.9 (8/278) | 3.2 (7/216) | 0 |
Other† | 1.1 (3/278) | 1.4 (3/216) | 0 |
*10 athletes overall and 5 who sustained a concussion could not reliably be classified as wearing or not wearing headgear.
†Other included “seeing stars”, “pressure behind the eyes” and “being out of control and unable to make my body perform”.