Walking programme vs placebo activity programme | FA/B12/B6 vs placebo pills | |||||||
Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
WP (n = 37) | PAP (n = 48) | WP (n = 40) | PAP (n = 27) | Vitamin B (n = 44) | Placebo (n = 41) | Vitamin B (n = 34) | Placebo (n = 33) | |
Age (mean (SD)) | 74 (2.7) | 75 (2.8) | 76 (2.9) | 75 (2.9) | 75 (2.7) | 74 (2.9) | 76 (2.9) | 76 (2.9) |
MMSE (median (25th–75th percentile) | 29 (28–29) | 29 (28–29) | 29 (28–29) | 29 (28–30) | 28 (28–29) | 29 (28–29) | 29 (29–30) | 29 (28–30) |
% low/intermediate/high education† | 57/16/27 | 42/35/23 | 64/28/8 | 70/19/11 | 61/21/18 * | 34/34/32 | 52/33/15 * | 82/15/3 |
% living with partner | 87 | 85 | 50 | 56 | 82 | 90 | 53 | 52 |
PA, min/day (median (25th–75th percentile))‡ | 79 (63–137) | 79 (36–124) | 53 (42–80) | 48 (33–110) | 77 (55–125) | 81 (35–125) | 55 (41–89) | 51 (33–80) |
% deficient FA/B12/B6¶ | 35/5/0 | 42/6/0 | 55/10/0 | 59/11/0 | 39/7/0 | 39/5/0 | 62/12/0 | 52/9/0 |
% hyperhomocysteinemia§ | 27 | 33 | 20 | 15 | 32 | 29 | 21 | 15 |
% hypertension** | 19 | 32 | 8 | 19 | 30 | 22 | 18 | 7 |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean (SD)) | 26.5 (3.4) | 26.9 (3.1) | 26.7 (3.0) | 28.3 (4.0) | 27 (3.4) | 26.5 (3.0) | 27.5 (3.9) | 27.5 (3.0) |
% smokers | 11 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 7 | 15 | 16 |
BMI, body mass index; FA/B12/B6, folic acid, vitamins B12 and B-6 ; MMSE, mini mental state examination; PA, physical activity; PAP, placebo activity programme; WP, walking programme.
*Significant difference between FA/B12/B6 and placebo supplementation (p<0.05).
†low, no education, primary education, lower vocational training, intermediate, intermediate level secondary education, intermediate vocational training, high, higher level secondary education, higher vocational training, university training; ‡⩾3.0 metabolic equivalents; ¶cut-off points: FA red blood cell <305 nmol/l or FA plasma <6.3 nmol/l, B12 ⩽150 pmol/l, B-6 <20 nmol/l; §homocysteine >14 mmol/l; **hypertension, diastole ⩾90 mm Hg and systole ⩾160 mm Hg.