Table 4 Risk factors for trunk, back and lower limb injury to adolescent and adult fast bowlers, adjusted for state squad
Screening testN (% of bowlers in this category who were injured)Univariate analysisMultivariate analysis
OR (95% CI)p ValueOR (95% CI)p Value
Hip internal rotation (°) (B)0.2330.045
    ⩽3029 (27.6)0.40 (0.12 to 1.32)0.20 (0.06 to 0.73)
    31–4038 (34.2)0.45 (0.16 to 1.30)0.36 (0.12 to 1.11)
    >4024 (54.2)RefRef
Ankle dorsiflexion lunge (cm) (NB)0.1140.060
    ⩽12.041 (29.3)0.99 (0.30 to 3.25)1.38 (0.40 to 4.84)
    12.1–14.029 (51.7)2.69 (0.79 to 9.17)4.03 (1.07 to 15.21)
    >14.020 (30.0)RefRef
Calf heel raises (B)0.234
    ⩽1522 (22.7)0.41 (0.10 to 1.79)
    16–2551 (43.1)1.13 (0.35 to 3.68)
    >2517 (35.3)Ref
Maximum front knee angle (°)0.193
    ⩽20028 (35.7)1.44 (0.43 to 4.80)
    201–22031 (45.2)2.96 (0.88 to 9.96)
    >22025 (28.0)Ref
  • B, bowling side of the body (ipsilateral to the bowling arm); CI, confidence interval; NB, non-bowling side of the body (contralateral to the bowling arm); OR, odds ratio.