Table 5

Institutional maltreatment: classifications, constituents and examples in sport

Non-relational maltreatmentClassificationsConstituentsExamples in sport
Institutional maltreatmentInstitutional maltreatment

  • Failure of an institution to meet appropriate standards of care

  • Organised sport competition in unsafe facilities (eg, regatta (rowing competition) during a thunderstorm)

  • Core practices of an of an institution are abusive

  • Injury resulting from authorised violence in contact sport (eg, body checking in hockey/rugby/football)

  • In order for the described behaviours to be defined as non-relational maltreatment they must occur outside a critical relationship.