Table 3 Pathoanatomic approach; superior to the greater trochanter triangle (diagnoses appear in order of frequency in an athletic population)

Define and Align	Pathology	Listen and Localise	Palpate and Recreate	Alleviate and Investigate
Superior to the triangle	Myofascial trigger points in gluteus medius and tensae fasciae latae	Gluteal and lateral leg tightness and discomfort ± accompanying lateral knee pain.	Restricted movement/strength in affected muscle.31 Tender “trigger” points palpable within muscle.18 19	Dry needling effective in relieving trigger points.32
	Greater trochanter pain syndrome	Weakness in stance phase of walking and/or running, climbing stairs.33	Trendelenberg test 72% sensitive, 76% specificity.34	Ultrasound.35
	Gluteus medius tendinopathy		Trendelenberg test 72% sensitive, 76% specificity.34	Ultrasound.35
	Trochanteric bursitis	Boggy feel and swelling.	Pain on rising/standing.34	Ultrasound, relief of pain by local anaesthetic injection.36
	Apophysitis; iliac crest	Age group (13–25 years),23 activity load.	Point tenderness,24 painful Trendelenberg.4	Plain film x-ray,25 computerised tomography (CT).26