Table 1 ”Post-concussion-like” symptoms from 30 male and 45 female collegiate athletes before and after activity

Symptoms	Males							Females
	Before activity		After activity		t Value	p Value*	Cohen d value	Before activity		After activity		t Value	p Value*	Cohen d value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t Value	p Value*	Cohen d value	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t Value	p Value*	Cohen d value
Headache	0.53	1.11	0.37	1	0.67	0.51	0.26	0.56	1.1	0.2	0.5	2	0.05	0.45
Nausea	0.13	0.51	0.27	0.98	−46.0	0.53	0.18	0.22	0.56	0.13	0.46	1	0.32	0.18
Vomiting	0	0	0	0	–	–	–	0.07	0.25	0.02	0.15	1.43	0.16	0.22
Balance problems	0.07	0.37	0.5	1.07	−51.2	0.04	0.6	0.13	0.46	0.47	0.87	−45.2	0.02	0.5
Dizziness	0.2	0.66	0.53	1.17	−74.1	0.15	0.36	0.24	0.61	0.36	0.71	−69.0	0.34	0.17
Fatigue	0.93	1.39	1.33	1.09	−61.1	0.26	0.32	1.27	1.78	1.89	1.57	−8.1	0.08	0.37
Sensitivity to light	0.2	0.55	0.07	0.25	1.16	0.26	0.33	0.2	0.5	0.09	0.36	1.3	0.2	0.26
Sensitivity to noise	0	0	0.03	0.18	−1	0.33	0.36	0.22	0.74	0.09	0.36	1.74	0.09	0.38
Irritability	0.33	0.92	0.07	0.25	1.61	0.12	0.45	0.56	1.08	0.13	0.4	2.53	0.02	0.57
Sadness	0.1	0.4	0.03	0.18	0.81	0.42	0.23	0.62	1.17	0.07	0.25	3.46	0	0.78
Nervousness	0.3	0.75	0.07	0.25	1.65	0.11	0.46	0.67	1.07	0.11	0.38	3.86	0	0.77
Feeling more emotional	0.13	0.73	0.1	0.4	0.22	0.83	0.06	0.73	1.29	0.13	0.5	3.82	0	0.67
Numbness or tingling	0	0	0.47	1.07	−83.2	0.02	0.87	0.09	0.47	0.33	0.9	−14.2	0.02	0.36
Feeling mentally foggy	0.47	1.2	0.23	0.68	0.89	0.38	0.25	0.47	1.1	0.27	0.65	1.3	0.2	0.23
Difficulty concentrating	0.57	1.07	0.17	0.46	1.99	0.06*	0.52	0.53	1.2	0.31	0.63	1.17	0.25	0.24
Visual problems	0.23	0.73	0.07	0.37	1.1	0.28	0.3	0.15	0.47	0.13	0.34	0.44	0.66	0.06
Total symptom score	4.03	4.97	4.3	5.16	−22.0	0.83	0.05	6.82	8.25	4.69	5.2	1.86	0.07	0.32

*Based on paired t-tests.
Nonparametric analyses revealed identical results, indicating a Wilcoxon signed rank test result that was significant at p<0.05; †this was an exception.
All symptom self-reports had a median score of 0 with the exception of fatigue (1).