Table 1

Classification of abnormalities of the athlete’s ECG

Common and training-related ECG changesUncommon and training-unrelated ECG changes

  • Sinus bradycardia

  • T-wave inversion

  • First degree AV block

  • ST-segment depression

  • Incomplete RBBB

  • Pathological Q waves

  • Early repolarisation

  • Left atrial enlargement

  • Isolated QRS voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy

  • Left axis deviation/left anterior hemiblock

  • Right axis deviation/left posterior hemiblock

  • Right ventricular hypertrophy

  • Ventricular pre-excitation

  • Complete LBBB or RBBB

  • Long or short QT interval

  • Brugada-like early repolarisation

  • AV, atrioventricular; LBBB, left bundle branch block; RBBB, right bundle branch block.