Characteristics of acute training injuries
| Grass | Artificial turf | Artificial turf versus grass | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injuries | Incidence | Injuries | Incidence | Rate ratio | |
| Injury type | |||||
| Fracture | 13 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 5 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.90 (0.32 to 2.53) |
| Sprain | 114 | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) | 43 | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.8) | 0.88 (0.62 to 1.26) |
| Knee | 38 | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 22 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | 1.36 (0.80 to 2.29) |
| Ankle | 48 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) | 17 | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.83 (0.48 to 1.44) |
| Strain | 101 | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.8) | 52 | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 1.21 (0.86 to 1.69) |
| Groin | 15 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 10 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 1.56 (0.70 to 3.48) |
| Hamstring | 37 | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 16 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | 1.01 (0.56 to 1.82) |
| Quadriceps | 23 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 14 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 1.43 (0.73 to 2.77) |
| Calf | 10 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 6 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) | 1.41 (0.51 to 3.87) |
| Contusion | 34 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 21 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | 1.45 (0.84 to 2.49) |
| Cut | 1 | – | 0 | – | – |
| Nervous system | 4 | – | 2 | – | – |
| Other | 7 | – | 2 | – | – |
| Body location | |||||
| Head/neck | 8 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Concussion | 6 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Upper extremity | 16 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 5 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.73 (0.27 to 2.00) |
| Trunk | 19 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 10 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 1.23 (0.57 to 2.65) |
| Lower body | |||||
| Groin | 21 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 10 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 1.12 (0.53 to 2.37) |
| Thigh | 74 | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) | 35 | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.7) | 1.11 (0.74 to 1.66) |
| Knee | 52 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) | 27 | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 1.22 (0.76 to 1.94) |
| Calf | 22 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 10 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 1.07 (0.50 to 2.25) |
| Ankle | 52 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) | 21 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | 0.95 (0.57 to 1.57) |
| Foot | 10 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 6 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) | 1.41 (0.51 to 3.87) |
| Time loss (days) | |||||
| 1–7 | 152 | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.1) | 50 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.0) | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) |
| 8–21 | 74 | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) | 45 | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) | 1.43 (0.98 to 2.06) |
| >21 | 48 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) | 30 | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.6) | 1.47 (0.93 to 2.31) |
Incidences are reported per 1000 h of exposure with 95% CI. Rate ratios between injuries on grass and artificial turf are shown with 95% CI, with grass as the reference group (n=399).