Baseline participant characteristics for foot orthoses group (n=42)
| Characteristics | Total group (n=42) | Success (n=17) | Non-success (n=25) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 27.9 (5.5) | 30.0 (5.1) | 26.5 (5.5) |
| No (%) of women | 24 (57.1) | 11 (64.7) | 13 (52) |
| Height, cm | 172.3 (9.2) | 169.8 (7.5) | 174.1 (9.9) |
| Weight, kg | 77.2 (20.1) | 73.8 (15.5) | 79.5 (22.9) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.8 (5.6) | 25.5 (4.3) | 26.0 (6.4) |
| Mid-foot width (weight bearing), mm | 84.8 (10) | 85.3 (9.7) | 84.5 (10.4) |
| Mid-foot width (non-weight bearing), mm | 75.2 (7.4) | 74.1 (7.4) | 75.7 (7.5) |
| Mid-foot width difference*, mm | 9.6 (4.1) | 11.1 (4.8) | 8.8 (3.6) |
| Arch height | 66.9 (7.4) | 64.4 (8.3) | 68.2 (6.7) |
| Arch height ratio | 0.35 (0.032) | 0.338 (0.029) | 0.357 (0.032) |
| Bilateral knee pain: number, % | 25 (59.5) | 10 (58.8) | 15 (60) |
| Duration of knee pain, months: median (IQR) | 36.0 (12.5–96.0) | 24.0 (8.5–138) | 42.0 (23.3–93.0) |
| Worst pain† | 58.9 (15.8) | 52.8 (11.4) | 63.0 (17.2) |
| Usual pain† | 38.5 (15.8) | 34.0 (13.6) | 41.6 (16.7) |
| AKP scale‡ | 71.2 (9.0) | 73.9 (9.1) | 69.3 (8.7) |
| FIQ§ | 10.0 (1.9) | 10.9 (1.2) | 9.4 (2.1) |
Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.
↵* Mid-foot width difference = (mid-foot width non-weight bearing) – (mid-foot width weight bearing).
↵† Pain measured on a 100 mm visual analogue scale; 0 mm = no pain, 100 mm = worst pain imaginable.
↵‡ Anterior knee pain (AKP) scale (0–100 points); 100 = no disability.
↵§ Functional index questionnaire (FIQ) (0–16 points); 16 = no disability.
IQR, interquartile range.